The Study On The Selection Of Cut Anthurium Adndraeanum Cultivars And The Key Matched Techniques In Solar Greenhouse

Anthurium adndraeanum is a herbaceous perennid which belongs to Araceae family,Anthuriuma genus,and it is native to tropical rain forests in South America.Because of its vivid flower color,peculiar flower shape,high ornamental value,so Anthurium adndraeanum can be not only appreciated as potted flowers but also widely used in the production of cut flowers.Anthurium andraeanum is an important tropical ornamental crop,second only to orchids,based on global trade volume.The demands of Anthurium adndraeanum become more and more on the Chinese floral market,at the same time,Anthurium adndraeanum industry is rapidly developing.In the northern region,the in the long-term of introduction of Anthurium adndraeanum cultivars and the cultivation process in the solar greenhouse,we found that the growth potential of cut Anthurium adndraeanum is weak,the yield and quality are low,and the production cost is high.Investigating its reason,we can find that there are many reasons among which two aspects must be mainly mentioned here.First reason is unsound comprehensive evaluation system and lagging selection work of excellent cultivars,which results in unreasonable variety introduction and evaluation;second reason is that cut Anthurium adndraeanum cultivation techniques in China was lagging behind,and there was little cultivation techniques which was corresponding with the cultivation environment in the northern region.such as selection of fine substrates and CO₂ fertilization.Thus,in this study,the ornamental traits and the low temperature tolerance of cut Anthurium adndraeanum cultivars is determinated and comprehensive evaluation system is established by using multivariate statistical methods such as AHP and membership function method and clustering analysis,and screening cut Anthurium adndraeanum cultivars that is suitable for solar greenhouse cultivation by that system.In addition,conducting study on low temperature tolerance and cultivation techniques of cut Anthurium adndraeanum.The main results were as following:?1?Construction of comprehensive evaluation system and cultivars screening of cut Anthurium adndraeanumChoosing 16 evaluation indexes mainly influenced on cut Anthurium adndraeanum comprehensive characteristics.Hence establishing a evaluation system by hierarchy-grey correlation analysis method of AHP in combination with grey relational grade theory and grading weighted correlation value of experimental cultivars by the K-Means clustering method.AHP method was used to determine the weight value of each index.The results showed that Ornamental characteristics,production characteristics,and resistance determines the integrated properties evaluation results of cut Anthurium adndraeanum cultivars.The weight value of each affecting factor was 0.2858?0.1351?0.0979?0.0971 and 0.462.On the basis of this,calculating the 7 cultivars of weighted grey correlation degree value by the application of grey relational analysis.They were divided into 4 grades through the K-Means clustering analysis method.‘Fire' and ‘Tropical' are belonged to the ? grade,‘Midori' and‘Cheers' are belonged to the ? grade,‘Marysia' and ‘Angle' are belonged to the ? grade,‘Spice' is belonged to the ? grade.?2?Study on low temperature tolerance cut Anthurium adndraeanumSeven cultivars of cut Anthunium andraenum were used to investigate the effects of low temperature stress on isolated spathe and leaf morphology,relative membrane permeability,contents of osmotic solutes,antioxidant enzyme activity and other indicators.LT₅₀ values were calculated using logistic equation and subordinate function values were calculated using subordinate function method,and the low temperature tolerance of seven cultivars was evaluated comprehensively by them.The results showed that after 48 h treatment under 6°C,chilling injury symptoms of ‘Fire',‘Tropical' and ‘Midori' were the lightest,‘Cheers' and‘Marysia' were in the middle,and ‘Spice' and ‘Angle' were the hardest;In addition,with the treatment time of lower temperature prolonged,relative electric conductivity?REC?and the contents of malondialdehyde?MDA?and osmotic solutes increased,and the antioxidant enzyme activity increased firstly,then decreased,and both the increases and time for arrival of the peak value were different.LT₅₀ was between –5.21°C and –7.19°C,the membership function was between 0.981 and 0.017.Based on correlation analysis among the indices,it was shown that REC,MDA,soluble sugar content and superoxide dismutase?SOD?andperoxidases?POD?activity could be used as indices to evaluate low temperature tolerance.Using subordinate function values and cluster analysis to low temperature tolerance of all varieties.It was divided into three grades: low temperature tolerance of ‘Fire',‘Tropical' and‘Midori' were strongest;low temperature tolerance of ‘Cheers' and ‘Marysia' were in the middle;low temperature tolerance of ‘Spice' and ‘Angle' were weakest,which was the same as result of symptoms of chilling injury.?3?Study on screening oasis-alternative substrate for cut Anthurium andraeanum productionIn order to screen low-cost substrates as oasis alternative for cut anthurium production,the effect of oasis,perlite,expanded clay and coir on growth and development of Anthurium andraeanum ‘Tropical' was investigated.The results showed that no significant differences were observed between the growth parameters in the oasis and perlite,but both were significantly or remarkably superior to those in other substrates.The synthetic evaluation indexes of oasis,perlite,expanded clay and coir were 0.80,0.74,0.43 and 0.21,respectively.?4?Screening of CO₂ fertilizer concentration in solar greenhouseAiming at the problem of the acute shortage of CO₂ in winter production of cut Anthurium andraeanum in solar greenhouse,the effect of CO₂ fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics and growth performance of A.andraeanum ‘Fire' was investigated.Three treatments with different concentrations of CO₂ were designed,i.e.,700,1000 and 1300?mol·mol^-1,with receiving no extra CO₂ as the control.The results showed that for the CO₂-fertilized plants,the photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO₂ concentration and water use efficiency were significantly greater than those in the control plants after CO₂ fertilization for60 days,and the largest increase range was observed in the 1000 ?mol·mol^-1 treatment,whereas the stomata conductance significantly reduced compared with the control.Meanwhile,the contents of soluble sugar,starch and soluble protein in CO₂-fertilized plants were significantly higher than those in control plants.Moreover,the quality of cut flowers with CO₂ fertilization was remarkably superior to control flowers in term of the parameters including spathe size,spathe color,peduncle length,leaf growth performance and peduncle growth rate.The most superior improvement was observed in the 1000 ?mol·mol^-1 treatment.The results showed that ‘Fire',‘Tropical',‘Midori',‘Cheers' are superior cultivars,thay are suitable for solar greenhouse cultivation in the northern region;Low temperature tolerance of ‘Fire',‘Tropical' and ‘Midori' were strongest;We recommend that the cheaper perlite be employed as the oasis alternative substrate for future cut anthurium production;It was concluded that CO₂ fertilization of 1000 ?mol·mol^-1 could effectively improve the winter production of cut A.andraeanum in solar greenhouse.And we summarized and formed a set of key matched techniques system.The findings were undoubtedly beneficial for cost-saving and sustainable production of cut anthurium.