| Anthurium is an evergreen perennial root flower of Araceae Anthurium, which has much bright colorful spathe and peculiarly beautiful leaf. It also known as candlesticks flowers, is widely applied in potted plants and cut flowers. At present, Commercial production of Anthurium dependent on foreign breeding companies in China, which has the lack of independent intellectual property rights protection species. Establishing germplasm evaluation system of Anthurium and carrying out a comprehensive evaluation of ornamental and resistance traits of the introduction of cultivars. The measure is needed to not only select cultivars that commercial enterprises according to climatic condition, facilities situation and market characteristics, but also further breed the independent property rights of new cultivars. Thus, in this study, the ornamental traits and the cold and heat resistance of potted Anthurium cultivars is determinated and germplasm resources evaluation system is established by using multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis and membership function method and clustering analysis. In addition, conducting cross-breeding work preliminarily. The main findings are as follows:(1) Research on rapid determination of cold hardiness:The method of gradient falling temperature were used to measure the relative electric conductivity (REC) of the leaves of different cultivars, using the logistic equation could determine semi-lethal temperature (LT50) of these cultivars. Thus, comparing quickly the cold resistance ability of different cultivars according to the LT50 values. The changes of leakage ratio of electrolyte with temperature like clearly "S"curve. The LTsoof all tested lines was from -3.20℃ to -9.24℃, according to the semi-lethal temperature, the cold resistance of 10 cultivars decreased in the order of Alabama, Royal champion, Madural, Sweet champion, Turenza, Avento, Arebo, Pink champion, White champion, Sierra. Cold resistance of these cultivars can be divided into 3 groups through cluster analysis, the resistance of the first class is poorer, including White champion, Pink champion, Turenza, Sierra, Arebo, Avento. The Second class have Royal champion, Madura, Sweet champion, these cultivars resistance are strong relatively. The cold resistance of Alabama is stronger.(2) Comprehensive evaluation of heat resistance:The leaf relative electric conductivity, relative water content, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protective enzyme activity etc.were measured under 39℃ high-temperature stress stages, comprehensive evaluation of heat tolerance by using multivariate statistical analysis such as principal component analysis and subordinative function and combining with high-temperature tolerance index. The 10 single indexes of the heat temperature stress could be classified into 3 independent comprehensive components, and then calculating heat tolerance comprehensive evaluation value D, the heat tolerance of 10 cultivars decreased in the order of Alabama, Royal champion, Avento, Arebo, Madural, Sierra, Turenza, Pink champion, Sweet champion, White champion. These cultivars can be divided into 3 groups through cluster analysis for D values, the heat resistance of the first class is poorer, including White champion, Pink champion, Sweet champion. The Second class have Turenza, Sierra. These cultivars resistance are strong relatively. The heat tolerance of Alabama, Royal champion, Madural, Arebo and Avento is the strongest.(3) Comprehensive evaluation system for variety characteristics:Choosing 20 evaluation indexes mainly influenced on Anthurium comprehensive characteristics. Hence establishing a evaluation system by hierarchy-grey correlation analysis method of AHP in combination with grey relational grade theory and grading weighted correlation value of experimental cultivars by the K-Means clustering method. AHP method was used to determine the weight value of each index. The results showed that plant shape, spathe color, fading degree of spathe, spathe number and spathe shape determines the integrated properties evaluation results of potted Anthurium cultivars. The weight value of each affecting factor was 0.1735,0.1179,0.0754,0.0754 and 0.0754. On the basis of this, calculating the 9 cultivars of weighted grey correlation degree value by the application of grey relational analysis. They were divided into 2 grades through the K-Means clustering analysis method. Alabama, Avento, Turenza, Sierra and Madural are superior cultivars. They can be cultivated popularize and chosen for breeding parent.(4) The preliminary study for cross-breeding generation:Artificial interspecific hybridizing the existing 10 potted Anthurium cultivars resources of Shanghai flowers port during spring and autumn, which has a total of 55 combinations. In spring hybridization, pollinating hybrid inflorescences is 285, and seeding rate is 50.53%, and had 3717 seeds harvested, and seed germination rate was 20.26%, and the average seed germination time was 27.8 days. Meanwhile, In autumn hybridization, pollinating hybrid inflorescences is 900, and total seeding rate is 30.22%, and had 25095 seeds harvested, and seed germination rate was 30.01%, and the average seed germination time was 19.4 days. The twice hybrid seed which harvested is 28812 and seed which germinated is 8383. Analyzing preliminarily the hybridization affinity of the selected parents based on the above results and the pollen germination results. The result is these combination such as Turenza, Madural, Pandola as parents, and Sierra, Pink champion, Sweet champion as male, and Arebo as female had higher fructification percentage and seed germination rate. Meanwhile, filtering out 14 ideal hybrid combination, these conclusions could provide a reference for future matching of cross-breeding parents. |
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