| In recent years,with China's urbanization and population increasing,the demand for vegetables and vegetable planting area of our country has been increasing.Some problems like the abuse of chemical fertilizer,low utilization rate,vegetable quality decline and nitrate accumulation in vegetable constantly been highlights,so we need new fertilizer or management techniques to improve vegetable yield and quality.At the same time,with the amount of crop straw,bamboo and other agricultural waste increasing,on one hand,the unreasonable treatments can result in the waste of resources,on the other hand also affect the entire ecological environment.We can use crop straw and other biomass after low temperature pyrolysis technology to make biochar and apply them to the soil.This way is considered to be a new agricultural management technology and has great application prospect in the disposal of straw,soil improvement and increasing crop yield.However,due to the high price of biochar and the limit of application rate,it is not applied in large area.Biochar fertilizer made by mixing biochar and chemical fertilizer can completely or partially replace chemical fertilizer.Biochar fertilizer can not only reduce the chemical fertilizer application amount and cost also improve vegetable yield and quality.In this paper,we used the biochar fertilizer made by rice husk and bamboo respectively,then mixed with chemical compound fertilizer to apply to the field experiments of tomato and pepper to compare the effect of different fertilization treatments on tomato and pepper growth,yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency.There were five treatments:the control without any fertilizer?CK?,chemical compound fertilizer only?CF?,50%chemical compound fertilizer+50%bamboo biochar fertilizer?CBF?,50%chemical compound fertilizer +50%pig manure organic fertilizer?CPF?and 50%compound fertilizer + 50%rice husk biochar fertilizer?CRF?.The application rate of every kind fertilizer is same(889 kg·hm-2).The main results are as follows:1.The results of pepper experiment showed that the yield of CRF treatment was thehighest and the rate of growth increased by nearly 20%compared with the other three fertilization treatments.For the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency index,the CPF treatment was the highest of all,then were the CBF and CRF treatment.The agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of all treatments mixing with chemical fertilizer was significantly higher than CF treatment,and the treatments with biochar fertilizer increased agronomic nitrogen use efficiency index by more than 1 time than CF,What's more,biochar fertilization treatments can significantly increase the ratio of output to input by 10.0%and 32.3%.The results of tomato experiment:compared with CF treatments,biochar fertilizer treatments and pig manure organic fertilizer treatment could significantly improve the yield and the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of tomato,CBF,CPF and CRF treatments could significantly increase tomato yield by 23.2%,22.6%,and 8.5%respectively than CF,the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency could increase by 1.2,3.2 and 1.3 times compared with the CF treatment,What's more,biochar fertilization treatments could significantly increase the ratio of output to input by 10.0%and 32.3%.2.For pepper experiment:all the fertilization treatments could improve the vitamin C content more than 25%and reduce the organic acid content by 24%at least compared with CK treatment,among them it seemed that CBF might be better;in the aspect of fruit nitrate content,CF(135.8 mg·kg-1)was significantly higher than other treatments,the mixture fertilization treatments of CPF,CBF and CRF decreased the nitrate content by 32.0%?40.4%.For tomato experiment:the CRF treatment significantly improved the vitamin C content by 65.9%,CRF and CBF treatments increased the soluble sugar by 23.8%and 25.8%respectively and CBF and CPF treatments could significantly reduce the organic acid content compared with CF treatment.The nitrate content of CF treatment reached 120 mg·kg-1 and was significantly higher than other fertilization treatments,and the nitrate content of tomato in CBF and CRF reduced by 24.5%and 18.2%respectively compared with CF treatment. |
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