Study On Biology And Breeding Technology Of Calosoma Maximoviczi Morowitzi

Calosoma maximoviczi Morawitz belongs to Calosoma Web,Carabidae,Coleoptrra.It is an important predator insects.The beetle distributes in Yantai,Shandong and Liaoning in our country.And it distributes in Korea,Japan,far east area of Russia.In the field,it can prey the snails,slugs,mollusks and Lepidoptera larvae,such as Mythimna separate Walker,Antheraea perny GuerinMeneville and so on.In this study,through field investigation of the occurrence and activities of Calosoma maximoviczi Morawitz,and we depend on its habits and biological research to research artificial breeding technology by Tenebrio molitor which has been industrialized production.We want to achieve the large scale breeding of Calosoma maximoviczi Morawitz,laying the foundation for the further realization of the artificial release.This study has been solved the problem of larval killing each other,pupa management and overwintering in the breeding process,and to identify the intestinal microflora of overwintering adults,laying the theoretical basis in order to further improve the overwintering viability.The results are summarized as follows:1.Calosoma maximoviczi Morowitzi was holometabolism insect,include egg,larvae,pupae and adult.The adult is black,the body like a lute with metallic luster.The male adults were(28.7 ±2.5)mm in length,(13.1 ±0.97)mm in width.The female adults were(29.2 ±2.3)mm in length,(13.1 ±0.97)mm in width.The head near trapezoid with transverse wrinkles.The upper jaw is so power which like a clamp,the lower jaw and lower lip is black.The antenna is filamentous,composed of 11 links.It has a longitudinal groove,but does not reach the front and rear edge,the first chest more wider,has 15 longitudinal lines and much green light engraved points distributed its side edge.The distinction between males and females were:the tarsi of the forefoot of males was wider than females,females were bigger than males.generally.Egg was yellow,long oval and slightly curved.For Larva,the body was flat,back and ventral surface were black,and had slightly blue luster.Pupa was light yellow,and the body slightly curved,and showed olive shape.2.It occured one generation per year in Shandong province and Liaoning province,the adults in the 10cm—20cm soil layer in the winter.A few adult unearthed activities in mid—May and late June next year.A large number of unearthed activities and spawning on the soil in the July late to August early.The egg hatched in mid and late August,pupation in mid and late September,feathers into adult in the early and mid October,then its in the original soil indoor over winter,not unearthed activities.3.The field activity patterns of Calosoma maximoviczi Morowitzi:The beetles adult activity is not frequent,daily activities during the day,its activity peak at 17:00 to 23:00 every day,the number reached the maximum at 21 o'clock,about 50 adults per 50m.The activity began at 16:00,the number of adults began to increase at 17:00 — 18:00,The largest number of adults at 19:00—21:00,the beginning of the gradual decline after 23:00.In the morning,it is rare.On the rampant or rainy days,the number of adults activities must be raer,its generally hiding in the grass or rotten leaves below.4.The temperature had a significant effect on the developmental time of Calosoma maximoviczi Morowitzi,the developmental period was shortened with the temperature increasing.The larval development time was about 12 days,the pupal stage was about 14 days,the adult period was longer,the laying period was 2—3 days after mating,and the female was about 80.60 ± 7.94d.5.C.maximoviczi Morowitzi were feed on Tenebrio molitor L.Then we found larvae food intake is increase with it development.The ten C maximoviczi Morowitzi larvae can feed 10 T.molitor L larvae.At 30 ?,adult female feeding more than male adults,female adults feeding up to 5.00 ± 0.82 T.molitor larvae,male adults feeding up to 3.33 ± 1.25 T.molitor larvae.6.Six strains of bacteria were isolated from overwintering adults,including Verllonella sp.,Mingducoccus sp.,Serratia sp.,Bacteroides sp.Dermabacter sp.,Listeria sp.,Cellulomonas sp.7.The key technology for the breeding of C.maximoviczi Morowitzi is to solve its feed source.In this study,we determined the feasibility of using Tenebrio molitor as the main natural food for the breeding of the C.maximoviczi Morowitzi.We solved the problem of larvae killing and breeding density,using 15%disinfection of sand as the feeding soil,and the surface of the soil pressure at the bottom of a number of small holes for larvae per habitat,each breeding box(20cm×15cm×10cm)can be cultured 20 larvae.Pupal stage management is to regulate the humidity(15%)of the pupae room.There is a largest problem is wintering problem for adult management,its can be outdoor winter and indoor winter,outdoor winter can be digged in suitable land about 1m,to keep the humidity at 10%for the best,indoor winter is to keep the humidity can be.