Studies On Biology And Predacious Function Of Calosoma Maximoviczi Morowitzi

Calosoma maximoviczi Morowitzi belongs to CalosomaWeb,Carabidae,Coleoptrra. It distributes in Korea,Japan, far east area ofRussia and most of places in our country .It can prey on many larvae and otherfarming and forestry pests such as locust , chafer etc.It is very useful becauseof it's good adaptability,wide distributing, resourceful abundance.In thispaper,biology and functional response were studied under the condition oflaboratry and field.The results were as follows:1 Life historyIt occoured one genetation per year in Yantai area of Shandong provinceand overwintered as adult in earth. A small quantity of adults appeared again inthe middle ten days of May and in the first ten days of June, and large numbersof adults appeared in the last ten days of July and the first ten days of August,and oviposited in 3cm depth.eath Larva hatched in the first and middle ten daysof Agust and pupated in the middle and last ten days of September,and eclosedin the first and middle ten days of October and overwintered in earth roomwithout going out again in the year.2 Mating and ovipositionGenerally mating occurred after 3:00 pm,especially at dusk, and a greatnumber of them mated in trees ,a few in weed.It began to lay eggs 2d～4dafter mating. Some female adults oviposited by digging it'sovipositor into earth,the others dug into earth to do it.Each femaleadult laid about 20 eggs totally,and laid them by 2～5 times, 2～9 eggs each time3 Developmental periodThe eggs hatched out afrer 5 days when the temperature of earth was 25℃.The first instar of larva was about 5days or 6 days,the second instar was 4daysor 5days,the third instar of larva grew to the biggest in figure and then dug intoearth deep about 30 cm,and then pupated after about 25days and adultemergened after 24d～27d,when the average temprature of eath is 13℃±1℃(deep 30cm).4 Activity rhythm The adults began to active generally at 15:00, it reached the peak from16:00 to 22:00 , after 24:00 the active numbers decreased gradually, and mostof them hided in deciduous leaves ,loose earth or gaps of stone. With thedecrease of temperature in the last ten days of August , the activity rhythmbegan to change , they acted most hotly from 10:00 to 14:00, and seldom actedat other time . A small quantity of them could fly at sunny and hot noon.Onecould fly about 50m the farthest and 10m the highest one time. The healthyactive adult could crawl 1m per 6s on the board.5 Food inhabit Adult could prey on many species of lepidoptera larvae such asAntheraea pernyi,Bombyx mori (linnaeus.),Lampronadata Cristata(Butler),Phalera assimilis, Hypocala subsatura GueneePhalera flavescens Bremer,Spilarctia subcarnea Walker,Diaphania Pyloalis(Walker),Hemrophila atrilineata Batler, Lymantria dispar etc,could also preyon pupae and refrigerant adults of Bombyx mori,Calanlops braachycerus gotrid of hind legs and Tenebrio molitor larvae etc.6 Predacious function In this experiment, Holling Ⅱand new Ⅲwere used. to fit the formula ofthe functional response of Calosoma maximoviczi to Lampronadata Cristata(Butler),Phalera assimilis, Hypocala subsatura Guenee based on the data fromexperiment. The results showed that Holling Ⅱwas the better Thetemperature and the size of the habitat could affect the parameter of thefunctional response, but did not change the category of the formula.Therelationship between the instantaneous rate of discovery(a') and thetemperature(T) was the quadratic function: a'=-0.0012T2+0.0823T-0.7848,according to the image of the function, with the increase of temperature inlower temperature, the instantaneous rate of discovery(a')increased,and whentemperature beyond some degree, a'descended gradualy. The relationship...