| Mycotoxin threatens the development of agriculture, feed industry and aquaculture industry, causes great economic losses as well as damages the health of animal and human. Pigs are known to be particularly affected by mycotoxins. In this study, therefore, trial was carried to investigate the effects of diets containg naturally moldy corn or moldy wheat bran on production performance of gilts. Sixty-three gilts (Landrace×Yorkshire aged at 113±8d, body weight 48.51±3.68kg) were randomly assigned to 7 treatments (3 replicate pens per treatments and 3 pigs per pen). Gilts in control group were fed with basal diet while gilts in the others group were fed the diets that containing with 25% moldy corn (MC),50% moldy corn,75% moldy corn,100% moldy corn and 100% moldy wheat bran (MW) as well as 100% moldy wheat bran and moldy corn expressed as CON,25%MC,75%MC,100%MC, 100%MW as well as 100%MW+MC. At the 3rd estrus, approximately 10 mL of blood of six gilts from CON,25%MC,75%MC,100%MC,100%MW as well as 100%MW+MC group was collected by venipuncture in the morning (08:00h) before feeding, after serum collection, gilts were slaughtered and liver tissues and ovarian tissues as well as follicular fluid were collected and the number of the follicle was counted. Results were as follows:(1) During the entire period of the dietary treatment, average daily gain (ADG) of gilts in 50%MC,75%MC,100% MC,100%MW and 100%MC+MW group were reduced (P< 0.05) compared with CON group. And the average daily feed intake did not differ among treatments. However the feed conversation rate (F:G) of gilts in 100%MC and 100%MW+MC group was greater than that in CON group although there was no significant difference (P=0.088, P=0.059, respectively).(2) Although there was no significant difference, gilts in control had much more follicle than those in 25%MC,50%MC,75%MC and 100%MC groups (P=0.205). However, the decreased numbers of follicles were observed in 100%MW+MC group compared with CON group (P<0.05).(3) The results showed that T-AOC activity of serum in 25% MC,50%MC,75%MC and 100%MC group decreased a lot compared with CON group (P< 0.05). And an increased serum content of MDA in 100% MC group and 100%MC+MW group was observed (P< 0.05). Meanwhile, a significantly decreased SOD activities of serum were observed in 100%MW+MC group (P< 0.05).(4) The SOD activity of liver in 100%MC group was markedly lower than those in the CON group. What's more, the GSH-Px activities of liver in 25%MC,50%MC,75%MC and 100%MC group showed significant elevated compared with CON group (P<0.05) and an increased concentration of MDA in liver was also observed in 100%MC group (P<0.05).(5) After consumption of the diet with naturally moldy corn or moldy whey bran, an increased concentration of MDA in follicular fluid was observed in 100% MW+MC group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, a significantly decreased SOD activities of follicular fluid were also observed in 100%MW+MC group (P<0.05).(6) Moreover the decreased serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) were observed in 50%MC,75%MC and 100%MC groups (P<0.05), furthermore, a decreased follicular fluid concentration of IGF-1 was also observed in 100%MW+MC group (P< 0.05). What's more, the estradiol concentration of follicular fluid in 25%MC,50%MC, 75%MC and 100%MC group showed significant decreased compared with CON group (P <0.05).(7) Notably, hepatic IGF-1 mRNA expression of gilts in 50%,75% and 100% moldy corn groups and IGFALS mRNA expression in 100% moldy corn group were decreased (P< 0.05) compared with those in the CON group. However an increased mRNA expressions of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1? (IL-1?) and suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) were observed in 100%MC group (P< 0.05).(8) Notably, ovary ER? mRNA expression of gilts in 100%MC and 100%MW+MC group were increased compared with those in the CON group (P<0.05). The mRNA expressions of LHR in 100%MW+MC group were also increased compared with CON group (P<0.05).Conclusions:(1) Chronic exposure to diets with low concentrations of aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone suppress growth through the way mediated by IGF1 and IGFALS as well as induce oxidative stress of gilts.(2) Chronic exposure to diets with low concentrations of aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone affect the follicular development of gilts, in which reduced the number of the follicle, through the way mediated by hormonal level of follicular fluid, ERa and LHR mRNA expressions of ovary and oxidation state of follicular fluid. |
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