| Sugarcane is an important economic crop in the south of China. Its planting area ranks third in the world, second only to Brazil and India.Sugarcane industry has become an important pillar of China’s economic development and an important source of farmers’ income.Sugarcane planting is one of the most important links in the whole process of sugarcane production.Sugarcane planting process including seed disinfection, ditching, fertilizing, sowing, soil covering,film covering process, which is characterized by multiple process and high labor intensity.The traditional sugarcane planting process is completed by artificial.It needs a lot of workers.The labor intensity is high while the efficiency is low.Labor costs have greatly increased in recent years due to the shortage of labor force. Therefore, it is a significant step that accelerating the development of sugar cane planting mechanization to solve the problem of labor shortage, reduce sugar cane production cost and improve the competitiveness of China’s sugar in international market. There are three types of sugarcane planters: the whole stalk type, real-time cutting type and pre-cutting type.2CZQ-2 type sugarcane planter is developed by South China Agricultural University. It can continuously complete a series of operations such like ditching, cutting, sowing, fertilizing and soil covering. This paper is based ona series ofexisting problems of 2CZQ-2 type real-time cutting sugarcane planter,such as the effect of the fertilizer mechanism is not smooth, the conveying channel is too long, the sugarcane stacking platform is too high and heavy, film replace is not easyand so on, and put forward the optimization design scheme to improve the planter and carry out the field experiment. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1) Propose optimization scheme of the furrow opener,the feeding mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism,the seed metering device, the sugarcane stacking platform, the soil and film covering device and the other components.Using Auto CAD and Pro/E software to draw the structure of the improved parts.And then improve the machine in the factory.(2) For the key buried components, such as opener fenders and opener side fenders, after the design of the mud mouth, use CATIA software to do the finite element simulation and check out whether the strength and stiffness of the design is reasonable.(3) In the field experiment of the improved planter, the working conditions of each improved part was observed and compared with the former. The results show that the effectof various improvedparts are obviously improved, such as: add soil inlet and soil loosing plate for the furrow opener so that the mud can be pushed back and the soil can be loosed consistently within the scope of film covering; The outlet of the fertilizer box is no longer scraping fertilizer and the surface of the lower part of the fertilizer box is smooth;the fertilizer tubes are no longer squeezed so that the flow of fertilizer is smooth;the conveying channel is shortened and its height is reduced so that it is more convenient for the entrance of sugarcane;the height of the sugarcane stacking platform is reduced and the structure of which is simplified; the pedal and the seats are changed into movable type and the manual mounting film is more convenient; the chain wheel of the speed reducer is provided with a dust cover so that it is no longer exposed outside to avoid the dust and rain.(4) Obtain the performance databy the field experiment of the planter after the improvement: the qualified rate of the furrow depth is 90.5%, fertilizing amount is 2870kg/hm2,the uniformity of the seed is97.2%, the uniformity of the soil covering thickness is 87.4%, film covering rate was 100%.The data is in accordance with the standard of the agronomic requirements. Compared with the performance before improvement, the results show that the improvement effect is obvious, and the expected goal is achieved,such as: the amount of fertilizer application declined compared to the previous,because the outlet of the fertilizer box no longer scrapes fertilizer so that the fertilizer waste phenomenon is eliminated; the uniformity of the seed arrangement is improved slightly, which indicates that the improvement of the seed metering device is reasonable and effective. |
