| Honghuadajinyuan is a characteristic variety of tobacco in Yunnan province.And the quality of it is highly favored by tobacco industrial enterprises.Dali is the largest producing area of Honghuadajinyuan variety,which plays a significant role in satisfying the demand of the high-end cigarette brands for tobacco materials in the tobacco industrial enterprises.With the extension of output and expansion in planting regions,there are many problems faced by the Honghuadajinyuan in the process of tobacco supply,for example,the acute imbalances not only exist between the output and quality,but also between industrial demand and material production.In order to research the colony formation,yield factor,planting patterns and soil improving measures suitable for the growth and development characteristics of Dali Honghuadajinyuan,during the period of 2013-2015,experiments were conducted in the Midu county,Dali prefecture on appropriate yield level,appropriate per leaf weight,different cultivation model and soil improvement etc.The results were as follows:1.Field experiment and field random sampling studies were taken on different quality features of tobacco yield factors and yield level by adopting correlation analysis and regression analysis method to explore the quantitative relation of yield level and qualitative characters,evaluation indexes of sensory quality.As the results showed,according to indexes of economic characters,the suitable range of tobacco was among2655.83~3077.40 kg/hm2.However the harmony of tobacco chemical composition was inferior.According to indexes of sensory quality,the suitable range of yield was among 2243.49~2702.52 kg/hm2 and the tobacco chemical composition was superior.Generally considering,the suitable range of high quality yield among 2300~2700kg/hm2 contributes to the manifestation of fresh,sweet,fragrant and moist style and the sustainable and healthy development of Honghuadajinyuan in Dali prefecture.2.Regression analysis method was adopted to study the correlation among the content of aromatic matter,sensory quality evaluation and per leaf weights of the Honghuadajingyuan variety.Consequently,the suitable per leaf weight range optimalfor improving the quality was determined.The results showed,when the per leaf weight of middle leaf was 10 g,the total content of Neophytadiene and aromatic matter reach their maximum,and the aroma precursor was much.When per leaf weight of middle leaf was 10.28 g,the quality of aroma got the highest score;when per leaf weight was 14.76 g,and the quantity of aroma earned the highest score.And when the per leaf weight was 12.41 g,the total sensory evaluation score of middle leaf reached the highest and the sensory quality comprehensive evaluation was best.Besides,when per leaf weight of the upper leaf was 14 g,the content of Neophytadiene and aromatic matter reached their maximum.When per leaf weight of the upper leaf was 11.07 g,quality of aroma got the highest score;when per leaf weight of the upper leaf was13.17 g,and the quantity of aroma got the highest score.When per leaf weight of the upper leaf was 12.65 g,the total sensory evaluation score reached the highest.Through the combination of the evaluation of content of neutral aroma components and sensory quality,conclusion could be reached that the appropriate per leaf weight of middle leaf ranged from 10.28 g to 14.76 g,and that of the upper leaf ranged from 11.07 g to 13.17 g.3.With different planting patterns,in the perspective of agronomic characteristics,the tobacco with CK treatment grew best.In regard to the economic characteristics,the yield and output value improved significantly after the treatment of increasing density and reducing leaves.Additionally,the ratios of the high and middle-high grade tobacco with increasing density and reducing nitrogen treatment were higher than other treatments,with fine appearance quality.In the increasing density and reducing nitrogen treatment,the kalium-clorine ratio was higher,sugar-nicotine ratio and nitrogen-nicotine ratio was moderate.And the intrinsic compositions were more coordinated.The total neutral aroma components reached the highest in the increasing density and reducing nitrogen treatment,which improved by 6.40% 、 14.74% and18.54% separately,compared with the structural optimization and increasing density and reducing the leaves and CK treatments.In the perspective of sensory quality evaluation,for the middle leaf,the high to low order of total scores of smoking evaluation was increasing density and reducing nitrogen,structural optimization,increasing density and reducing leaves,CK.Overall,in the increasing density and reducing nitrogen treatment with 16 reserved leaves and 19500 plants/hm~2 planting density,the inherent chemical compositions was more coordinated chemically,rich in aromatic matters and best in sensory quality evaluation with good appearance quality.4.When the spacing of tobacco was 19500 plants/hm~2,the yield and yield valueincreased significantly.The average price,ratio of high and mid-high grade of T4 and T7 were high.In the chemical component aspects,the internal compositions of middle leaf and upper leaf treated with T7 and T3 were more coordinated with a high ratio of potassium to chlorine.The T7,T3,T5 earned high scores in the sensory quality evaluation.Overall,the appropriate planting patterns for the Dali prefecture in Yunnan was as follows: when the planting density was 18000 plants/hm~2,the tobacco was supposed to be treated with T3,with row spacing of 1.1m,spacing of 0.5m,18 remained leaves and 10% reduction of nitrogen.And when the planting density was19500 plants/hm~2,the tobacco was supposed to be treated with T7,with row spacing of1.1m,spacing of 0.46 m,16 remained leaves and 20% reduction of nitrogen.Under these two planting patterns,economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco was superior and the internal chemical components were coordinated,especially,the sensory quality evaluation was good,and the tobacco quality got improved.5.Clay soil mixed with sand could increase the yield and output value of tobacco leaves significantly.And the yield,output value and aroma substance increased31.35%,33.94% and 4.87% respectively.While the chemical components and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco presented no significant increase.The economic benefit of clay soil mixed with sand significantly increased,the yield and output value increased 10.98% and 21.74% respectively.It increased the external quality of tobacco and harmony of chemical components in maximum.The accumulation of aroma substance increased 12.79%,and the sensory quality reached the best effect.Overall considering,clay soil mixed with sand increased economic benefit of tobacco significantly.And clay soil mixed with rice husk showed obvious improvement of tobacco quality,which was superior to clay soil with sand.Consequently,the overall evaluation of clay soil mixed with rice husk was more suitable and valuable for popularized application. |
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