Forest Tending Management Techniques Research Of Henan Mountainous Main Forest Types Based On The Management Theory Of Near Naturalness

Forests are the important ecological basis which maintaining the balance of terrestrial ecosystems and the living environment of human and economic development.Forest tending is utilizing artificial interference according to human expectations,changing the growth structure and succession direction of the forest.The emergence and development of the near natural theory change the measures and objectives of forest tending to create the mixed forest which with near-natural growth state and capable of natural regeneration succession and having a complex layer with different age structure.According to the Eighth National Forest Survey Results,Henan Province has an area of 3,590,700 hectares of forest,the forest coverage rate reached 21.5%.Henan forests are mainly young and middle-aged forest,and artificial forests account for a large proportion.Young and middle-aged forests area accounted for 93.3% of Henan natural arbor forests;accounted for 88.9% of Henan artificial arbor forests.Henan natural forests are mostly in young and middle-aged secondary forests,forest natural growth is relatively weak.Artificial forests are mainly pure forest,single structure,weak growth,poor ecological environment quality.Therefore,how to take scientific management measures tending to improve forest quality,enhance the ecological benefits of forests has become an important topic of the current forest tending.In this paper,we selected six representative forest types of the research in the Taihang Mountains-Jiyuan Dagouhe Forest Farm,Qinling Xiaoshan-Sanmenxia Ganshan Forest Park,Funiu Mountains-Luoyang Luanchuan,Tongbai Mountains-Zhumadian Madao Forest Farm and Dabie Mountains-Xinyang Huang Baishan Forest Park.By setting and investigations of Henan six typical mountain forest types of Oak pure forest(type A),Broad-leaved mixed forest(type B),Pine and Oak mixed forest(C type),pure Pinus Tabulaeformis forest(type D),pure Cunninghamia Lanceolata forest(type E)and pure forest of Pinus Taiwanensis(type F),made total of 27 forest plots.Survival successional of different forest types were compared and evaluated,naturalness closeness conduct comprehensive evaluation of the use of principal component analysis and expert scoring method.Comprehensive evaluation results,based on nearly natural forest tending principles for different types of forest stands develop the corresponding technical measures tending operations.The main results of this paper are as follows:(1)The species composition of investigated Broad-leaved mixed forest is the most complicated,there are 12 kinds of associated tree species,stand upper trees constitute the most stable structure,the most diverse succession state.In Oak and Pine mixed forests,Pine and other advantages to occupy the top floor,Oak trees stand toward the upper succession.In Oak pure forest,pure Pinus Tabulaeformis forest,pure Cunninghamia Lanceolata forest and pure Pinus Taiwanensis forest,species constitute a single,dominant tree species dominate.(2)The maximum update richness is width of mixed forest,there are 26 kinds of trees,reasonable structure,natural stand succession of the strongest,most diverse species succession trend.Oak pure forest had the largest number of regeneration,but tree species in a single and growth was inhibited,difficult natural regeneration and succession.Taiwanensis pure forest canopy layer Regeneration fatigue,subsequent stand foster human intervention.(3)Pinus Taiwanensis pure forest had thickest soil and loose soil,water storage capacity of the strongest,well-developed root system surface,the largest forest reserves as 248.81 m3 / ha,had the highest productivity.Oak pure forest,Broad-leaved mixed forest and Pine and Oak mixed forest had close soil structure state,soil relatively tight,water storage capacity is weak.Oak and Pine mixed forest had well-developed surface root system,but had the minimum amount accumulated,the lowest productivity.(4)Using the principal component analysis,combined with the expert scoring method,evaluated assignment the near naturalness degree of surveyed forest,got the near naturalness value of six kinds of forest types as: B(0.59)>C(0.36)>F(0.296)>E(0.172)>A(0.156)>D(0.06).the near The near naturalness degree of Broad-leaved mixed forest is 3 degree of the highest,belong to Semi-natural forest.(5)Combined with analysis of forest state features and the result of near naturalness comprehensive evaluation,we developed the appropriate forest tending management objectives of the program,each forest types were A: Oak mixed-Diameter Wood Cultivating Type Timber Forest,B: Oak-Broadleaf mixed-Multi Service Public Welfare Forest,C: Oak-Pinus Tabulaeformis mixed-Landscape-Multi-Industry Public Welfare Forest,D: Pinus Tabulaeformis-Broadleaf mixed-Ecological Public Welfare Service Forest,E: Cunninghamia Lanceolata-Phoebe-Oak mixed-Fast-Growing Timber-Precious Tree Diameter Wood Cultivating Type Timber Forest,F: Taiwanensis-Glauca mixed-Cultivating Large Diameter Timber Forest-Ecologically Stable Timber Forest.