Analysis Of Soil Nutrients And Study On Cultivation And Regulation Technology Of Apple Orchard In Zhaoyuan City

Soil is the basis for agricultural production. It can optimize the soil conditions in the orchard and is the primary technology of producing safety and high-quality fruits. With the statistical data of soil quality and fertilization of apple orchard and through the research and analysis of soil nutrients and acidification of Zhaoyuan apple orchard, it adopted the cultivation and regulation measures combining agriculture, physics, chemistry and biology to improve and optimize the apple orchard soil ecosystem by ridge cultivation, natural grass growing and soil amendments to meet the requirements of high yield and quality of fruit. Test results as follows:1^ The soil nutrients status of Zhaoyuan orchard.43% of orchard soil pH between 6.0 to 7.0,50% of the orchard soil pH between 5.0 to 6.0,7% of the orchard soil pH< 5.0, the lowest pH value is 4.6; Apple orchard soil organic matter content is low,7.1% of the organic matter content of the orchard above 1.5%,14.3% of the organic matter content of the orchard between 1.0% and 1.5%,78.6% of the organic matter content of the orchard lower than 1%,the lowest is 0.3%; The N?P?K content of most orchards is imbalance. Through investigation and analysis, there are three reasons for the deterioration of soil ecosystem and the decline of fruit quality of some orchards. One is that many farmers only use chemical fertilizer such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and seldom use the microelements fertilizer such as calcium fertilizer and Boron fertilizer. The second reason is that it was applied without fully rotten animal manure or poor quality organic fertilizer.The third is for the unreasonable fertilization methods.2?Ridge cultivation has significant affection on the growth feature of the apple tree roots in the old orchard, especially on the number of capillary root. The apple trees have more developed root system with the ridge cultivation and the fruit quality is superior to the compared one. The ridge planting apple had lower rate of apple bitter pit disease. The ridge cultivation had obvious affection on the bud rate, branching ability, height, trunk perimeter and branch number of main trunk for the seedlings in the newly planted garden. In the areas where conditions were permit, the adoption of ridge cultivation was the effective measure for the high yield and quality of fruit trees.3?Natural grass growing can obviously improve the pH and organic matter content of the soil by which the pH value can increase 0.3 and the organic matter content can increase 0.5% compared to the clean tillage. It can ease the rapidly changing ground temperature and affect the orchard soil temperature. The soil temperature of the grass area was lower than the clean tillage area in May, July and September. The soil temperature of the grass area was lower than that of the clean tillage area at 1.91? especially in July with higher temperature, while in November with lower temperatures, the soil temperature of grass area was higher than clean tillage area. Natural grass growing can change the soil moisture content. In September and November, the soil moisture content of grass area was apparently higher than clean tillage area which improved the water conservation, preservation of soil moisture and drought control of the orchard. Natural grass growing was one of the effective measures to construct ecological conservation area and produce the green, organic and safety fruits.4?Applying the soil amendments such as silicon, calcium and magnesium fertilizers can significantly improved the soil pH value and made a big difference with the compared one. It had the most affection on the content of available phosphorus and potassium in soil as well as on the soil enzyme activities, which made the content of the three enzymes including silicon, calcium and magnesium fertilizer increased by 73%,111% and 79% respectively. Applying silicon, calcium and magnesium fertilizer also had an impact on the growth characteristics of apple saplings, and it can make the branch number of main trunk increase 24%. Under the circumstances of the increasingly orchard soil acidification, it was an effective measure of improving and optimizing the soil ecosystem and ensure safe and efficient production of high quality fruit by using the method of applying silicon, calcium and magnesium fertilizers combined with increasing the basal fertilizer.