Research On The Memorial Landscape Design Of University Campus In Chongqing

As an important part of the campus landscape environment,the university memorial landscape carries the profound cultural background and academic tradition of a school,which embodies the unique historical origin and humanistic spirit of the university itself;and as the unity of material and spirit of campus landscape,it has imperceptible impact on the personality shaping of teachers and students,as well as the public evaluation of the campus.However,for the moment,the university memorial landscape has not received due attention during the campus landscape planning and design,so that it often becomes a copy of the model language and loses its due memorial meaning.Improper choice of site selection and layout as well as the lack of experience and interactivity also makes it difficult for the campus memorial landscape to effectively integrate into the campus environment and to extend the campus context,resulting in lack of sense of identity and belonging of teachers and students on the campus environment.With the rapid development of higher education in the late 20 th century,in order to adapt to the new development situation and expand the school space,many colleges and universities actively expand school space.In addition to the development of new campus and reconstruction and extension of old campus,they also pay more attention to shaping its campus environment and human atmosphere.Campus memorial landscape research is very urgent.How to build the campus memorial landscape,to pass down the campus context,to reflect the campus humanities characteristics,and to enhance the sense of identity and belonging of the campus environment,becomes a worthy question to explore in the current campus construction,and the important prerequisite of future campus landscape design development and improvement.This paper takes the memorial landscape of Chongqing campus as the research object.Firstly,the paper summarizes the relevant theories of memorial landscape and the basic literature at home and abroad,and clarifies the basic concepts of memorial,memorial landscapes,campus memorial landscapes and memorial landscape classification at different angles.At the same time,the paper points out that campus memorial landscape plays important role in continuing the campus context,educating in recessive environment,cohering sight and space,and displaying campus image under the campus environment.Secondly,field research and investigation of the campus memorial landscapes in the main urban area of Chongqing is carried out.According to the principle that research object should demonstrate the typicality of the sample,the diversity of the subject,the comprehensiveness of the region and the continuity of the old and the new campus,10 campuses are selected as the major research object of this study;(1)Summarize the main manifestations of the memorial landscape of Chongqing campus,including: memorial sculpture,memorial stone,monument,memorial hall,memorial tree,theme memorial park,memorial square and memorial forest landscape;and sum up their distribution in various campuses and location characteristics.(2)In view of the above manifestations of memorial landscape,explore the characteristics of the present status and the existing problems of the memorial landscape objects in the aspects of the topic type,the expression of the memorial,the integration of the site layout and environment,the space creation technique and the constituent elements,and the landscape function respectively.(3)According to the spatial characteristics of the memorial landscape manifestations and different focus of the landscape design,the following three kinds of memorial landscape space types are divided: independent type(i.e.memorial sculpture,memorial stone,monument,memorial hall,memorial tree landscape);square type(i.e.memorial square,theme memorial park);green type(i.e.memorial forest landscape).(4)Analyze the cultural connotation and emotional meaning of the memorial landscape,point out that the current campus memorial landscape mainly embodies the four main themes of recording historical facts,expressing reverence,continuing spirit and sustaining gratitude,and summarize the main techniques of expression of its memorial landscape.Finally,based on the theoretical research and field research results,combined with the existing problems of memorial landscapes in Chongqing colleges and universities,the paper puts forward that the memorial landscape design of Chongqing campus should follow the basic principles of inheriting historical context,reflecting landscape ecology,carrying out people-oriented principle and highlighting individual characteristics;and puts forward the corresponding design strategy in terms of different essential points of the independent type,square type and green type of the memorial landscape design,so as to provide some reference for the future campus memorial landscape design.