A Study On Military Buildings Of Chinese Eastern Railway

With the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway(CER),Tsarist Russian railway brigade started to settle in northeast China and build military buildings which are of a fairly unique type among the architectural heritages along the Chinese Eastern Railway(CER).The construction activities of these military buildings and the railway began at almost the same time.By organizing and adjusting the railway brigade,the construction projects of military buildings were enlarged,type-enriched,stagnated and revived.In addition,the development of the military buildings embodied the military activities at that time which influenced the distribution of them.In time,the number and type of military buildings were affected by the Yihetuan Movement in northeast China and the Russo-Japanese War,while,in space,the number of them in different areas resulted from geographic factors and the ranking of the stations.Also,the military buildings along CER are various in function and diversified in type.According to their functions,the military buildings could be classified into military camp,defensive work area and small quartered camp and auxiliary military buildings,each of which includes several sub-types.However,these buildings were built taking the large amount of Tsarist Russian staff,who demanded for enough space of living and rapid construction,into consideration.Although both of their buildings were built in modular way,especially in camps and stables,spaces in groups of military camps are more open and more flexible than that of defensive work areas and small quartered camps.And auxiliary military buildings show their multi-function by the functional zoning,transporting routes and architectural features influenced by their specific users.Moreover,the military buildings along CER are defensive and extreme simplified.In space,there are modular,multiple and simple spaces for different functional buildings,which caused their rapid construction,reasonable organization and practical application.In structure,different forms of roofs,load-bearing constructions and heating systems are the result of different crafts,which represent the achievements of architectural technics in military buildings along CER at that time.In modeling,the characteristics of stability,defensibility and simplicity are also showed in their integral features,ornamental components and decorative moldings.