Comparing Analysis Of Chinese And Western Classical Gardens Based On Geometric Forms、Perspective And The Cognitive View Of Nature

Garden is the re-cognition of nature.Garden has a corresponding geometric forms and perspective like painting,the core of garden is conception view of nature.From the point of geometric forms of classical Chinese gardens and Western gardens,this paper tries elaborating the different perspective and view of nature in order to deeply explore the differences between Chinese and Western Classical Gardens.Geometric forms are the most basic composition of a picture of gardens.The establishment of geometric forms fixed the three-dimensional space,the way of perspective of viewing is affected by the shape of space,and then it brings different experience,the people’s natural cognition is also different,the different natural cognition also affects landscape design.Only a clearer understanding of the connection between different geometry,perspective,natural cognition and gardens,can form own cognition,so as to provide historical experience to modern landscape practice.Therefore,it is of great significance to figure out the geometric forms,perspective and cognition view of nature of Chinese and Western Classical Gardens.This paper extracts the deep differences between Chinese and Western Classical Gardens from the theory of geometry,perspective study and environmental psychology.Firstly,analyzes the relationship between geometric forms and perspective,leads to a connection between geometric forms and perspective in gardens,and summarizes in the form of graphical representation;Secondly,analyzes the relationship between the geometric form and the perspective of each element from four component elements of gardens one by one and’ finally graphic summary;Lastly,chooses the representative cases as object of analysis,analyzes the perspective of garden from geometric form and combined with different natural cognition,summarizes in the form of graphical.As can be seen from the analysis,Western classical gardens make the static space because of the European geometric composition and thus using fixed-point perspective,while Chinese classical gardens make the dynamic space by reason of the Fractal geometric formation and thus using the move-point perspective.There are appeared two different aesthetics systems that European geometry and fixed-point perspective constitute integral whole and Fractal geometry with move-point perspective.The cognitive theory determines the methodology,the root of the different geometry forms and viewing of Chinese and Western gardens is the different view of nature.The west control nature and then simply it while the Chinese respects nature and then imitate nature.The perfection of two sets of aesthetic system in Chinese and Western gardens will provide a way to guide landscape design.