The Research On The Visual Form And Aesthetic Characteristics In The Forbiden City Of Beijing

The Forbiden City is the Ming and Qing Dynasties’ Palace. It represents the highest architectural achievements in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Window is an important part of Architecture. It is not only the medium that connects the interior and exterior space, but also plays a very important role in decoration. The windows that full of types reflect the culture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The window of the Forbiden City represents the highest artistic achievements in the window of the palace building and shows the rich traditional aesthetic regular pattern. The purpose of this paper is to study the visual form and aesthetic characteristics of the Forbiden City window. In the early research project, through the use of the data and the deep understanding of the window of the the Forbiden City, I will make further efforts to analyze and explore the aesthetic knowledge of the Forbiden City window.In this paper,the methods of literature research,field research methods,morphological analysis and computer graphics are used. This paper analyzes the visual form and aesthetic features of the the Forbiden City window from the concrete and abstract. Firstly, the paper introduces the background and general situation of the Forbiden City window, and introduces the type, material and important position of the the Forbiden City. This paper focuses on the visual form of window, mainly including the artistic character of the grating part, apron panels and metal components.This paper analyzes the modality of the grating part, apron panels and the metal components, researches the relationship between them and windows, uses a large number of graphic to explain. And then the paper summarizes the character of the visual form of the window as five aspects: the unity of form and function, the combination of unit and sequence, the change of surrounding and the actual situation, the expression of color and texture,and the design of structure and technology.Based on this, I further dig out the aesthetic features of the Forbiden City window as the representative of palace architecture. Because the visual form of the window that plays an important part of the building body is affected by the building itself, and its aesthetic characteristics can not be separated from the aesthetic performance of the Forbiden City. In addition, it has its own unique aesthetic characteristics. I summarize the aesthetic features in five aspects: spatial characteristics, visual features, emotional characteristics, cultural characteristics, and historical features. The spatial characteristics are mainly embodied in the sense of hierarchy and integrity, which are embodied in the combination and arrangement of the windows in the facade and the courtyard. Visual features are the beauty of harmony and unity. Form beauty has many aspects, but the the Forbiden City window is most clearly reflected three aspects: finding a scenery, leaking through scenery and separation a scenery of the window,exchanging between dynamic and static when opening the window and closing the window,continuous rhythm and gradual rhythm. The emotional character is manifested as the rational beauty of ethical order and the sensibility beauty of implicit artistic conception. Cultural characteristics include the royal culture and blessing culture. Historical features reflect the beauty of incomplete and vicissitudes of life. It is the beauty produced in the history of precipitation.