Research On Water Poverty In Mingshan District Of Ya'an

Water is the core of the sustainable development of the society, the economics, the environment and the ecology. From the United Nations World Water Development Report (2015), we know that there are still about one billion people can't get safe drinking water. The report also forecasts that the problem of water shortage will make 700 million people leaving their native place at some arid and semi-arid place. China is one of the world's 13 most water-scarce countries, per capita volume of water resources in China is a quarter of world average level. Because of the human activity, natural disaster, global climate change and so on, the problems of more water, less water, dirty water and muddy water increase. The imperfect water consumption structure, low ability in water conservation, severe water pollution, lack of powerful management and excessive use of water resources in survival-life-production cause it is hard to meet the ecological demand and to harmonize the water consumption in different departments and regions, thus the water poverty problems take place frequently. In Mingshan District, Yan'an City, Sichuan Province, the ecological environment is sensitive and fragile, the agriculture water development is coarse, the government pays more attention to construction than management, the ability to effectively resist earthquake, drought and flood, geological disasters and global climate changes is low. All of these seriously confine the economic development in Mingshan District. The development of smes pose severe damages to the water supply environment and water ecology, and pose great threats to the water environment and ecology in Mingshan District. The systematic and comprehensive research of water poverty problem in the area is the premise of regional water safety guarantee, water ecological civilization construction and harmonious development of water resources, society, economy and ecology.The research constructs the basic theory of water poverty based on the summary and organization of water poverty research achievements at home and abroad, mainly including connotation, features, classification, guiding theory, fundamental theory, applied theory, water poverty evaluation index system, calculation of water poverty evaluation index, etc. Considering the current situation of rural water quality, water environment, population density, landform features, importance of social and economic development, progress of rural water engineering projects and early research, Mingshan District is selected as the research area to analyze the current situation, main problems and formation causes, and classify the actual demand, importance and necessity.Secondly, based on the detailed analysis of water resources structure, functions and features in Mingshan District, the paper constructs the calculation system with five indexes of resource endowment, water supply channels, management ability, utilization level and ecological environment, and use equilibrium method to empower the same weights. Five indexes also include 16 indexes. According to WPI presented by Sullivan, the water poverty index of 20 towns in 2007-2015 is calculated. From the analysis, we may get that the water poverty degree tends to be relieved (strong degree in 2007 to middle degree in 2015) and WPI index increased to 51.08 from 33.44 (amplitude:51.55%; annual growth amplitude:5.7%). The growth amplitude in 2007-2008 was only 0.4%. WPI decreased by 7.19% in 2012-2013 caused by "5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 and "4.20" Lushan Earthquake in 2013. The damages of infrastructures and environment in Mingshan District cause slow growth or sliding down of WPI. The first drive factor of water poverty is water consumption efficiency and economic development; the second drive factor is changes in ecological environment; the third drive factor is the improvement of management ability. Based on GIS technology, the spatial and temporal variation thematic map is made. Upon analysis, we may get from 2007 to 2-15, the water poverty is closely related to the river distribution. In the towns to the river, the economy is developed with high WPI and the water poverty degree is light; WPI gradually reduces from west to east, from northwest to southeast and from north to south, and the water poverty degree aggravates gradually.Finally, the research constructs economic poverty measure model using six indexes of income, expenditure, education, health, Engel coefficient and employment, calculates the economic poverty index of 20 towns in Mingshan District, and calculates the coupling factor and coordination degree through the coupling coordination model of water poverty and economic poverty. The following conclusion is drawn:over 90% of 20 towns in Mingshan District belong to the middle coupling relationship. The solution of economic poverty may effectively increate the water poverty number and alleviate water poverty. The solution of water poverty and economic poverty requires coordination development. The unilateral solution may cause poor coordination of both and confine the respective development.Based on the research of water poverty spatial and temporary distribution characteristics, laws and formation mechanism in Mingshan District, the countermeasures of remitting water poverty in Mingshan District are tabled, such as improving use efficiency; strengthening the management and protection of built water conservation projects; paying attention to water resources saving and protection; increasing water resources recycling ability.