Environment Efficiency Evaluation Under The Perspective Of Ecological Civilization In Chongqing

China’s high economic growth is based on the extensive economic development model,which has caused the environment pollution,ecological imbalance,resource depletion and other issues.In order to enhance the ability of sustainable development,improve the quality of ecological environment and the efficiency of resource utilization,China proposed the construction of ecological civilization in the 17 th CPC National Congress,and brought it into China’s "13th Five-Year" plan in the 18 th CPC National Congress,putting forward the basic national policy of insisting on green development,saving resources and protecting the ecological environment.The environment quality improvement is crucial for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society and achieving green development during the period of 13 th Five-Year”.As an important index to measure the improvement of regional environmental quality,environmental efficiency has become the focus of the study,however,The Gross Regional Product is the only output in previous researches,under the requirements of ecological civilization construction,the negative effects of pollution on the environment should be considered.As a typical industrial city and the key city of the western development strategy,Chongqing is located in “The Belt and Road” and the Yangtze River economic belt connecting point,where the location advantage is prominent,playing a unique and important role in China’s regional development and opening-up.Moreover,Chongqing has a particular responsibility to undertake the industrial transfer from the Middle East,which would,inevitably,increase the consumption of resources,ecological environment will face a severe test.In September 2014,the State Council issued the guiding opinions on promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt on the basis of the golden waterway,deciding to build the Yangtze River Economic Belt into the first demonstration zone of ecological civilization in China.January 2016,the Yangtze River Economic Belt forum was hold,in which President Xi Jinping stressed that the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt must adhere to ecological priority and green development strategic.In the context of these background,how to make advantage of resources effectively to solve the ecological environment problems and improve environment efficiency,would be a tough task for Chongqing to complete the “13th Five-Year” objectives.This paper takes Chongqing as an example,making analysis and research on the environment efficiency evaluation and its influencing factors under the perspective of ecological civilization.First of all,on the basis of reviewing related research literature of domestic and international,this paper defines the concept of ecological civilization and environment efficiency.Then this paper constructs a research framework of environment efficiency evaluation under the perspective of ecological civilization.After elaborating the process of ecological environment change in Chongqing,This paper use the super efficiency SBM model and the Malmquist index model to evaluate the environment efficiency of Chongqing from two aspects of static and dynamic,by taking the total investment in fixed assets,employed population,energy consumption,built-up area and water supply as the inputs,GDP as the desirable output,industrial SO2 emissions,industrial wasted gas emissions,industrial wastewater discharge and solid waste discharge as the undesirable outputs,this paper uses the super efficiency SBM model to measure static environment efficiency in Chongqing under the perspective of ecological civilization from 2006-2015,then uses the Malmquist index to analyze the tendency of Chongqing’s environment efficiency change ulteriorly.At the same time,this paper compares the environment efficiency of Chongqing with the rest parts of the Yangtze River Economic Belt to investigate the effects of Chongqing in the ecological civilization construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Additionally,this paper uses Tobit regression model to analyze the factors that are relevant to environment efficiency in Chongqing,trying to figure out the inherent relation between the two.Ultimately,policy recommendations are proposed at the end of this paper as well,based on the empirical conclusion,to improve the environment efficiency of Chongqing under the perspective of ecological civilization.The research shows that:(1)There is a fluctuation in the environment efficiency of Chongqing,but the overall trend is rising.The calculation of the super efficiency SBM model is lower than that of the traditional DEA model,illustrating the negative effect of the undesirable outputs result in the impatient of the efficiency value;(2)The redundancy of undesirable outputs,in which the redundancy of water supply is the largest,followed by energy,labor and land resources,are the primary factors causing the environmental inefficiency in Chongqing;(3)The total factor production index of Chongqing is affected by the scale efficiency in the early stage,while the latter is affected by the pure technical efficiency and the technical progress efficiency,which increased rapidly in the late period,making the total factor productivity of Chongqing achieve effectively;(4)Compared with the rest of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,the environmental efficiency of Chongqing is in the middle level,and the total factor productivity is in the passing level;(5)Per Capita GDP,the ratio of Industrial output value,the ratio of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure and the number of college students per million have a great impact on environment efficiency,while the foreign investment accounted for the proportion of GDP,Enterprise R&D investment and the urbanization rate are not significant.According to the above research conclusion and the background of China’s economic development into the new normal,this paper puts forward the policy recommendations to improve the environmental efficiency of Chongqing under the perspective of ecological civilization : The first is to change the functions of government and regulate the market mechanism;the second is to emphasize the construction of talent team and innovate the policy of talent introduction;the third is to change the mode of economic growth and optimize the industrial structure;The forth is to implement the innovation driven development strategy and improve scientific and technological progress rate;The last one is to improve the ecological consciousness of the main responsibilities.