Construction Of Emergency Supervision Mechanisms For Major Sudden-onset Natural Disasters

Emergency regulation in response to major sudden-onset natural disasters is not only a matter of effect and extent of emergency act,but also concerns the interests of victims and social stability.Since the fight against "SARS" in 2003,China's emergency management system has been developing in leaps and bounds.However,as an important part of the emergency management system,the construction of China's emergency regulatory mechanism makes slow progress,and the academic research in this respect is largely uncharted waters.The regulatory model which China has been exploring and establishing in recent years is merely a normal supervision model and it brings about inadaptation problems immediately in supervision power,driving Mechanism,means,organization system.Therefore,it's urgent to establish a suitable emergency regulatory model basing on the existing work foundation.This paper summarizes the achievements and existing problems of relief and reconstruction supervision work in Wenchuan Earthquake,analyzes the emergency management system and supervision mechanism of developed countries,combines the emergency supervision practice of Wenchuan Earthquake and the the emergency supervision practice and theory of developed countries,and tentatively establishes a major sudden-onset natural disasters emergency supervision mechanism system with Chinese characteristics.The main research contents are as follows:1.This paper summarizes the achievements and deficiency systematically of the relief and reconstruction supervision work in Wenchuan Earthquake.The relief and reconstruction supervision work in Wenchuan Earthquake has achieved remarkable success.Firstly,efforts are made in integrating all regulatory resources,establishing multi-dimensional regulatory network and seamlessly supervision organization system.Secondly,the work orientation of the combining of strict supervision and speeding up the process are adhered to,and means are positively innovated in practice.Thirdly,The relief work puts prevention firstly,puts standardization beforehand,focuses on key areas and key parts,constructs strictly restrained and available system "chain",and improves the scientific level of emergency supervision.Fourthly,serious punishment are implemented throughout the entire process of supervisory work.Fifthly,the requirement of transparency are implemented throughout the entire process of earthquake relief and post-disaster reconstruction.However,though our country has made great progress in practice in the construction of emergency supervision mechanism,there still existing some problems in the legalization of emergency supervision policies,the completeness of emergency response administration,the construction of multi-party participation pattern,system mechanism and the automation of the basic work of emergency regulation.2.This paper analyzes the emergency supervision model in response to major sudden-onset natural disasters in developed countries.The countries which frequently suffer from natural disasters,especially those developed countries,gradually forms a sudden-onset natural disasters emergency operation and management system which includes supervision system by experience accumulation and scientific analysis.Those systems have 5 common points:Firstly,as emergency management decision core,the highest government agencies attach great importance to the emergency supervision;Secondly,unified command,the strengthening of the synergy become the key of the construction of emergency management system;Thirdly,emergency management is regarded as the government's important public responsibility;Fourthly,attention is paid to strengthen democratic supervision of the parliament and the public;Fifthly,the disaster relief donation is strictly supervised.3.This paper combines the practices of the Wenchuan earthquake regulation and the practices and theories of the emergency supervision in developed countries organically,and establishes sudden-onset natural disaster emergency supervision mechanism system with Chinese characteristics,which includes the following 7 aspects:1.the promotion and perfection of the legalization of crisis management policy in coping with sudden-onset natural disaster;2.the construction of strong natural disaster emergency management agency and regulatory command system;3.the construction of multi-party regulatory structure with the participation of government organizations and social forces under sudden-onset natural disasters;4.promoting the supervision work in response to major sudden-onset natural disasters from different phases of emergency response dynamically;5.establishing sound emergency supervision mechanism system in response to major sudden-onset natural disasters;6.strengthening the innovation of the relief donation pattern;7.constructing the emergency supervision system in response to major sudden-onset natural disasters grounding on e-government environment and promoting the automation of the basic supervision work.The innovative points of this paper are as follows:1.it analyzes China's normal supervision mode and points out the inadaption problems under major sudden-onset natural disasters;2.it analyzes the courses and characteristics of supervision mechanism construction under China's emergency state;3.it puts forward the principles and key points that should be adhered to in the emergency supervision of major sudden-onset natural disasters;4.Basing on the analysis of emergency supervision practices in relief and reconstruction work carried out by central and local government after Wenchuan earthquake,and the experience and research achievements of other countries,this paper puts forward a emergency supervision mode which is relatively complete and standard and more suitable for China;5.It puts forward the idea of applying the effective practices of the emergency supervision work to the normal supervision work.