| Schizandrae Fructus is the dried and mature fruit of family orchidaceae of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.) Baill, often called northern Schizandrae Fructus with Tonifying Qi, tranquilization, nourishing kidney and astringing lung,engender liquid and removing sweat, arresting seminal emission. lt is mainly used for the treatment of emission, dry cough and asthenic dyspnea, body fluid deficiency and thirsty, night sweat, neurasthenia and hepatitis. China is the most rich countries of resources of Fructus Schisandrae in the world, including wild and cultivated Schisandrae Fructus. The main chemical composition content of the wild Fructus Schisandrae is higher than that of the cultivated which growing conditions is stable on a large scale. At present, they are the main source of medicimal material market which annually need 7000-8000 t of Schizandrae Fructus.The modern research show that ligans is the main chemical composition of Schizandrae Fructus with many kinds of biological activity, such as anti-oxidation, anti-hiv, protecting the central nervous system and tranquilization. Lt is mainly used to treat hepatitis which major signs is the increase of alanine aminotransferase. Lt was developed to a series of products such as Bifendate Capsules, capsule of schisandra fruit and so on.The product of Schizandrae Fructus now is made by the process of water-extraction and alcohol precipitation.Therefore, a large number of Schizandrae Fructus residues and alcohol precipitation is produced. Research shows that a lot of lignans are still remained in the Schizandrae Fructus residues. The content of lignans in the Schizandrae Fructus residues is almost the same as that in the medicinal materials. Schizandrae Fructus residues can be resources to extract the lignans with huge values of development and utlization. In addition, The chemical composition of plant protein, polysaccharide and fiber are also remined in the Schizandrae Fructus residues.This paper chooses the Schizandrae Fructus residues made in the process of Shengai injection production as the research object. The chemical composition and the utilization of Schizandrae Fructus residues are major research conent. The lignan, protein, polysaccharide and fiber components were analysed and evaluated.The extracting and purification process, bioconversion technology were also analysed and evaluated. It provides the reference and technical support for the utilization of Schizandrae Fructus waste resource and changing waste into valuable. The main research contens and conclusions are sketched in the next. 1 The evaluation of the chemical content in Schizandrae Fructus residuesThe lignan components were analysed and evaluated by the HPLC-UV method. The BCA method was adopted to measure the mass fraction of total protein. Using UV-Vis spectrophotometer to measure the mass fraction and constitutes of neutral polysaccharide and acidic polysaccharide, respectively. The equipment for raw fiber determination was taken to gauge the crude fiber content of Schizandrae Fructus residues. All chemical compositions in Schizandrae Fructus residues are measured in order to ensure the values and ways of utlization. The results are as follows.(1) The analysis results show that the mass fraction of schisandrin A, schizandrin B, schizandrin C, gomisin A, gomisin B, and schisantherin A are 1.4424, 3.7880, 1.3509, 4.3993, 3.2313, and 0.5053 mg/g, respectively. Compared with the original medicinal materials, the technology utilization rate of gomisin A is 20.84% during the process of Shengmai Injection production. But the gomisin B virtually was unused and remained in the residues. The mass fraction of schisandrin A, schizandrin B, schizandrin C, and schisantherin A are higher than the original medicinal material.(2) The research results show that the content of total proteins in Schizandrae Fructus residues is 12.18%. The content of total proteins in Schizandrae Fructus is 20.04%.(3) The analysis results show that the mass fraction of neutral polysaccharide and acidic polysaccharide in Schizandrae Fructus residues are 3.82% and 1.31%, respectively. The mass fraction of neutral polysaccharide and acidic polysaccharide in Schizandrae Fructus are 7.15% and 2.37%.(4) The analysis on crude fiber showed that the mass fraction of crude fiber in Schizandrae Fructus residues was 43.80%. The mass fraction of crude fiber in Schizandrae Fructus was 39.65%.(5) The analysis results show that grease in the Schizandrae Fructus residues contain Linoleic acid(essential fatty acid) almost same as that in the Schizandrae Fructus with great value of the development and utilization.The results show that Schizandrae Fructus residues contain many resource chemical components in the process of Shengmai Injection production, such as lignins, protein, saccharides, crude fiber and greast. Further development and utilization are need to improve the utlization efficiency and application value of Schizandrae Fructus residues. 2 Study on extracting and preparing process of lignans in Schizandrae Fructus residues.Schisandrin A, schizandrin B, schizandrin C, gomisin A, gomisin B, and schisantherin A as indexes to inspect optimum extraction process of different compositions in lignans through the orthogonal test. The results show that extracting time and the amount of ethanol are the key factors for extracting lignans. The optimal extraction process for 60%concentration of ethanol, 12 times dosage of ethanol, extracting for 120 min, extracting for 2 times are ultimately determined. 3(1) The protective effects of Schizandrae Fructus residues extracts on hepatic-damnification rat and the influence of that on intestinal floraSchizandrae Fructus residues extracts was extracted by the 60%ethanol; The model of acute-hepatic damnification rats induced by CCL4 was prepared, the protective effects of Schizandrae Fructus residues extracts on hepatic-damnification rats were evaluated through the data of ALT ? AST ? ALB and TP; Effect of extracts on hepatic-damnification rat's intestinal flora was evaluated by the number and the number variation of the intestinal flora; The function of the extracts were evaluated by histopathological observation of the liver and colon of rats.It provides the scientific reference for the utilization of Schizandrae Fructus.The results are as follows.(1) The Results showed that the mass fraction of schisandrin A, schizandrin B, schizandrin C, gomisin A, gomisin B, and schisantherin A are 1.44, 3.42, 1.68, 4.22, 2.92, and 0.58 mg/g, respectively by HPLC.(2) Pharmacodynamics evaluation shows that Schizandrae Fructus extracts can significantly reduce the content of AST and ALT and increase the content of ALB and TP in a certain extent in the serum of acute-hepatic damnification rats.(3) Mucous damage score of liver and colon is significantly decreased.(4) Compared to liver injury group, Schizandrae Fructus extracts of high dose group and low dose group can significantly promote the proliferatation of Lactobacillus and bifidobacterium and reduce the number of Enterococcus and Enterobacteriain the intestinal tract of cats.(2) Scutellaria-Coptis metabolism of the lignan components in Schizandrae VIIIFructus residues extracts by human and hepatic-damnification rat intestinal bacteriaSchizandrae Fructus residues extracts and intestinal bacteria of acute liver injury rats and normal rats were in anaerobic culture. The main active components of Schizandrae Fructus residues extracts and its metabolites were analyzed. By compared with blank control map, using Metabolynx software, the main ingredient in the resulting extracts, metabolites and its major metabolic pathways. Hydroxylation, methylation, benzoic acid and hydrogenation are mainly product of the intestinal bacteria of normal and acute liver injury in the rat intestinal bacteria metabolism of Schizandrae Fructus composition of metabolites. Visible intestinal bacteria of Schizandrae Fructus main ingredients of metabolism, methylation, mainly through demethylation hydroxylation, benzoic acid and other metabolic pathways. Schizandrae Fructus alcohol armour and Schizandrae Fructus element after the acute liver injury in rats after intestinal flora metabolism metabolites relative quantity to increase. The types of metabolic product of the acute liver injury in the rat intestinal flora is more than the normal group. But relationship of metabolites and the effect of the treatment of liver injury still needs further research. 4 The research on fermentable conversion of Schizandrae Fructus residues(1) Analysis of the content of total protein, reducing sugar and starch The content of total protein, reducing sugar and starch which in the Schizandrae Fructus residues before and after fermentation are analyzed. Results showed that:The total protein content is increased by 76.84% than the initial Schizandrae Fructus residues, reducing sugar content is increased by 84.33% than the initial Schizandrae Fructus residues, the starch content is increased by 84.44% than the initial Schizandrae Fructus residues in the fermentation culture by tropical candida after solid-state fermentation.Lt indicated that fermentation culture of Schizandrae Fructus residues can be as animal protein feed.(2) The study on technological conditions of using Schizandrae Fructus residues to produce animal protein feed Total protein content as indexes to inspect fermention process of Schizandrae Fructus residues through the orthogonal test. The results show that the conent of cellulose enzyme has a significant effect on the fermentation results(P<0.05).The best technological conditions of using Schizandrae Fructus residues to produce animal protein feed are ultimately determined:The additive amount of cellulase is 30 mg, inoculation quantity was 20%, the additive amount of ammonium sulfate is 0.5g, fermentation time is 6 days. RSD value was 4.4% through the orthogonal experiment and verify experiment. Lt suggests that The optimal fermention process is stable and reliable.(3) The utilization way and prospect of Schizandrae Fructus residuesThe constituent of lignans in Schizandrae Fructus residues can be used as a raw material for its medicinal and health care, eventually can be made to protect liver medicine or health food. Schizandrae Fructus polysaccharide can develop to become natural antioxidant or functional food and medicine. In addition, the composition of fat soluble fatty acid in Schizandrae Fructus residues liquid can be used for the preparation of health food. Because of Schizandrae Fructus residues contains a large number of available nutrients such as proteins, polysaccharides, so you can use the Schizandrae Fructus residues to produce animal protein feed by state fermentation. The research has provided technical support and scientific basis for utilization of Schizandrae Fructus.Establisheing general research mode of Traditional Chinese medicine solid waste through the above study on the Schizandrae Fructus residues made in the process of Shengai injection production. Analysis and evaluation of effective resource chemical composition, adopting appropriate purification methods, reference in the field of bioconversion and related new technologies, new methods of fructus schisandrae liquid to make a comprehensive utilization. Lt provides a scientific basis for the improving the resource utilization efficiency of deep processing of traditional Chinese medicine industrialization process and promoting the green economy development of traditional Chinese medicine resources industry. |
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