Genetic Diversity Of The Clawed Salamanders(Onychodactylus Zhangyapingi And O.zhaoermii) In Northeast China

Onychodactylus zhaoermii and O.zhangyapingi are Amphibia,Caudata,Hynobiidae,Onychodactylus species.They are located in northeast China,Russia far east,Korea peninsula and Japan.Because the habitat of clawed salamanders environment conditions demanding,and the destruction of human activities on the environment,make the clawed salamanders population fell sharply,to study the protection and management of clawed salamanders resources reasonable scheme.This research adopts the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence analysis and microsatellite marker technology,the clawed salamanders in the province of O.zhaoermii and O.zhangyapingi?a total of 73 samples,including O.zhaoermii 30samples,O.zhangyapingi 43 samples?to carry out the study of population genetic diversity and population genetics.Through molecular data analysis,the following results were obtained:?1?the mitochondrial Cytb gene sequence?1149bp?of the mitochondria of the O.zhangyapingi?1149bp?was compared with the"GTT"3 base insertion at the1098-1100 site of the O.zhaoermii?1146bp?.?2?the base composition of Cytb gene of the two kinds of clawed salamanders is similar,and the content of A+T is significantly higher than that of G+C.?3?the number and diversity of Cytb genes in O.zhaoermii were higher than that of O.zhangyapingi,but the number of polymorphic loci,the diversity of nucleotide and the average nucleotide difference were lower than that of the jilin groups.?4?based on the Cytb gene,the genetic distance between the population and the population of O.zhaoermii and O.zhangyapingi is very small,and the genetic distance in the population is slightly higher than that in liaoning.?5?The populations of the two species are very low,but the population of O.zhaoermii(F_ST=0.035)is greater than that of O.zhangyapingi(F_ST=0.000).?6?based on the phylogenetic analysis of the Cytb sequence,two different evolutionary branches were found in the O.zhaoermii and O.zhangyapingi.?7?in 6 SSR loci,40 alleles were detected,of which 9 alleles were rare alleles;?8?SSR site analysis showed that the two species of clawed salamanders had higher genetic diversity,and the average allele number,polymorphic information content and average expected heterozygosity were higher.?9?based on the differentiation index of SSR,the population of O.zhaoermii salamander(F_ST=0.226)is greater than that of O.zhangyapingi salamander(F_ST=0.074).?10?SSR site of Structure analysis,K=2 is the best grouping scheme,which is the same as the classification status of the two species in liaoning and jilin.Mitochondrial Cytb gene and SSR marker showed different genetic diversity results.Cytb analysis showed that the genetic variation of the two species was very low,while SSR markers showed a higher degree of genetic variation.Both of the two markers showed that the genetic diversity of O.zhangyapingi was higher than that of O.zhaoermii.The SSR marker showed that the population genetic differentiation was higher than that of Cytb gene,and the degree of genetic differentiation was greater than that in jilin.The analysis of effective population size and bottleneck effect shows that the two species of clawed salamanders have certain potential in the genetic diversity of the subsequent generations,and have not experienced serious bottlenecks recently.The populations of both the liaoning and jilin's species are multilineage,suggesting that the two species should be protected as a management unit.