Personality Of Adult Tibetan Macaques(Macaca Thibetana) And Its Effects On Male Mating Preference

Personality is consistent differences between individuals in their behavior across time and contexts.It is a long-term adaptive result of the habitat and group in animals,and the important content for understanding social animals' complex relationship.Previous studies show that animal personality is widespread in Animalia,but the most of methods in personality studies were personality traits rating method and behavior coding method.These two methods usually interference by subjective factor.There are few studies used of naturalistic observation method at present that is can highlights the natural characteristic and personality types in wildlife and reduces interference which have been increasingly addressed.Meanwhile,previous studies have shown that animal personality has significant correlation with individual fitness and mating preference.Because of external factors such as the limitation of resources in females and males' rank in group-living wild nonhuman primates,adult males will take different mating preference.Although there are many studies about mating preference,but we still can't understand personality impact on adult male animals' mating preference.The study focus on a troop of wild Tibetan macaque(Macaca thibetana)at Mt.Huangshan from July 2015 to June 2016.Study used focal animal sampling and all occurrence sampling methods and ad libitum sampling method to collect adult macaque's natural behaviors,include non-society behavior,affiliative behavior,aggressive-submissive behavior and mating behavior.We used the naturalistic observation method to test the type of personality traits in adult individuals and its gender difference.Then we analyzed mating preference in adult male macaques with different personality traits.The results are as follows:First,adult Tibetan macaques had distinct and various personalities,but there are a slight differences in different genders.Adult male macaques had five types of personality and adult female macaques had six types.Besides the nervousness,the other personality types between different gender are similarity.Second,there were significant differences in mating preference in adult male monkeys with different personality traits:(1)In the selection of copulation objects,males tended to choose females with similar personality traits,such as "leadership"males prefer to "leadership" females and "solitary" males prefer to "solitary" females.(2)In the selection of copulation effort,the "leadership" males tended to have genital inspected,grimace and sexual chase,and the other types of males had no significant difference in the choice of effort mode.(3)In the selection of copulation types,the"leadership" males tended to choose approach and forced copulation,while"introversion" and "solitary" males tended to 'choose clandestine and opportunistic copulation.Other males was no significant difference in the choice of copulation types.Third,mating preference of adult male macaques had significant effects on mating time,and clandestine copulation promoted the mating time.In addition,males who choose to forced copulation may result in failure.The results of macaques personality are consistent with the existing researches and show that wildlife's natural behavior can effectively predict personalities.We suggest that our study can supply a new theoretical foundation to analyze animal personality from the objective perspective.At the same time,this study analyzed the difference of mating preference between adult male macaques with different personality traits.The results of the study provided support for understanding the mating preference of animals at the individual level.And also provides scientific basis for deeply understanding of social animals' breeding strategy and adaptive difference.