| Wetlands,as important ecosystems,have an important impact on climate and the environment.Wetlands are in the middle of land and water,and are important ecosystems known as "the kidney of the earth." Wetlands have an important impact on the environment and climate,with the role of climate regulation,large areas of wetlands can affect the evaporation and precipitation,improve the climate.Small areas of wetlands,the same can affect the local microclimate.Wetlands can reduce or eliminate pollution.When sewage flows through wetlands,wetland vegetation can absorb heavy metals and organic pollutants from sewage.Wetlands provide a place for the reaction of pollutants.Luanhekou wetland is diverse and rich in resources,known as "East Asia Travel Inn".There are as many as 241 species of birds in the region,one of the world's rare habitats of black-headed gulls.The Luanhekou Wetland provides a place for feeding and breeding for black-headed gulls and other creatures.With the Luanhekou wetlands developing and using,so that black-headed gulls and other living are reduced the impact of food sources,so that the proliferation of biological constraints,affecting the number of black-headed gulls and other biological diversity.Based on the interpretation of topographic maps and image maps in different years,this study extracts the landscape types of Luanhekouwetland,and classifies wetland landscapes.According to the characteristics of landscape types.Through the Arc Gis software,the distribution matrix of the wetland landscape in Luanhekou wetland was analyzed by using the transfer matrix of different years in the Luanhekou wetland vector.Using the landscape pattern index from the landscape type scale and landscape scale,select the landscape index.The degree of fragmentation,the change of patch shape and the degree of fragmentation and the distribution of landscape distribution in Luanhekou wetland were analyzed from 1956 to 2015.This paper inverts the change process of landscape pattern of Luanhekou wetland from 1956 to 2015 from two aspects: the change of landscape area and the landscape pattern of Luanhekou wetland.Based on the interpretation of topographic maps and image maps in different years,this study extracts the landscape types of Luanhekou wetlands,and classifies wetland landscapes according to the characteristics of landscape types.Using the Arc Gis software,the transfer map of the Luanhekou wetland vector and the transfer matrix between different years is obtained.The trend of the area change of the wetland landscape in Luanhekou from 1956 to 2015 is analyzed.Based on the landscape index,the index of the landscape type and the landscape scale were selected to analyze the changes of the landscape type,the change of the patch shape and the fragmentation degree and the distribution of the landscape distribution in the Luanhekou wetland landscape from 1956 to 2015 degree.This paper inverts the evolution of landscape pattern of Luanhekou from 1956 to 2015 in view of the change of landscape area and the landscape pattern of Luanhe-kou wetlands.The stress-state-response model was selected to select the wetland data of Luanhekou wetlands in 2015,and the health evaluation index system of Luanhekou wetland ecosystem was constructed from the pressure index,the state index and the response index.AHP Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to determine the weight of the index,and the index value was normalized,and the health value of the wetland ecosystem in Luanhekou wetlands was obtained.According to the ecosystem health grading table,select the corresponding grade,put forward the Luanhekou wetland ecosystem health problems,and for the development of appropriate remedial measures.The results show that the wetland of Luanhekou wetlands is in the natural state from 1956 to 1979,and the coastal area is the first,and the natural wetland landscape is dominated.From 1979 to 2010,the Luanhekou wetland showed the state of natural and artificial coexistence.In 1987,the coastal beach area was the first place,and the seawater farm appeared.The Luanhekou wetland was still dominated by natural wetland landscape,and there were artificial wetland landscape.In 1998,paddy field existed,seawater farm area increased,and the proportion of artificial wetland landscape increased.Coastal beach area in the first place,natural wetland landscape living in the lead.In 2005,the landscape area of constructed wetland increased greatly,the area of seawater farms was the first,the area of coastal beach area decreased greatly,and the artificial wetland landscape dominated.In 2010,the landscape area of constructed wetland continued to increase,and the mariculture farms were greatly increased.The coastal tidal flats were almost exhausted and the constructed wetland landscapes dominated.From 2010 to 2015,Luanhekou wetland showed artificial state.In 1950,the wetland landscape of Luanhekou wetland almost disappeared,and the artificial wetland landscape occupied an important position.The change of wetland in Luanhe estuary is mainly caused by human activities.Luanhekou wetlands upstream construction of large-scale water conservancy facilities,so that the Luanhe River water,sediment loss significantly reduced,Luanhekou wetlands lost material supplement,Luanhe River wetlands from development to erosion.Humans have transformed the natural wetland landscape into artificial wetland landscape,destroyed the ecological structure of wetland in Luanhekou wetlands,the ecological function of wetland is affected,the biodiversity of Luanhekou wetland is decreased and the fragmentation of landscape is exacerbated.For the Luanhekou wetland species diversity,water pollution,wetland landscape a single situation,put forward a series of countermeasures.To restore the natural factors on the border of the shaping role,to restore the Luanhekou wetlands outside the sand dam system;through artificial cultivation and natural succession of the combination of methods,planting salt Sua Peng,two-color The use of new breeding technology to reduce the generation of pollutants;to improve people's understanding of environmental protection.It is necessary to improve the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. |
PDF Full Text Request