Reconstruction Of Evolutionary Relationship Of Avian Genome And Classical Evolutionaryequation

The avians as the survivors in the extinction event of Cretaceous Periodrapidly evolved more than ten thousands different species.And the evolutionary history and genetic relationship of modern birds are still unclear because of the radioactive species outbreak in a very short time.Recently,with the progress of science technology and the rapid development of the Big Data,more and more datas of avians genome can be obtained.In the past ten years,there are great progresses and important breakthrough in the analysis of evolutionary relationships about avians.But so far,anyone of these phylogenetic trees could not accurately and completely explain the evolution of avians.We constructed the phylogenetic tree of avians by non-aligned approach.The tree can help us to get more comprehensive understanding of avians evolutionary history.It is important for the study of the evolutionary rules of avians.First of all,for the genomes of 47 birds,we counted the k-mer frequencies(from 9-mer to 14-mer)of the nucleotide sequences in 394 conserved regionsof 47 avian DNA sequences obtained using targeted-next generation DNA sequencing.Then,we calculate the distance matrix among 47 avians by k-mer Non-aligned Algorithm(KNA)and constructed the phylogenetic tree by the Neighbor-Joining method.The results showed that the phylogenetic tree achieved stability when k is equal to 12.Finally,we compared our phylogenetic tree with two other trees constructed by Prum and Jarvis respectively,and analyzed the evolution and classification of these birds.The results indicated that the three phylogenetic trees were basically same,only a small part of the sister branches were different.The consistency revealed that the frequency of 12-mer is a better dynamic variable for measuring evolution of species.Next,considering 50 million years ago as a boundary,47 avians are divided into Type-A sets and Type-B sets by the time level.Based on the genome nucleotide sequence data and the classical evolutionary equation of the avian genome proposing by professor Liaofu Luo,we studied the classical evolution equations and laws of 12 avians genome in the Type-A set.Using the classical evolution equation,a equation including the time parameter t,the evolutionary inertia of the genome c2,the friction coefficient f and the environmental potential parameters ?,? was proposed about four kinds of bases for the genome of a Type-A avian.And the five parameters are associated with each other.Assuming that the Type-A avians have the identical and stable evolutionary environment,the parameters ?,?,f in the equations are equal.When t equals 0,the counts of four bases in the genome of Common Ostrich and the corresponding evolutionary rates were assumed to be the initial conditions.They were applied to the evolutionary equations of all avians,we calculated the evolution rule of the numbers of four bases as well as the total genome with time.According to the change rule of the total size of a avian genome,we determined the parameters ?,?,f,and applied them to the evolution equations of other Type-A avians.Finally,we gained the evolution rule of 12 kinds of Type-A avians genome with time,and they were consistented with the classical evolutionary theory of avian genome.The studies of the classical evolution eqution is important and significant for the research of the quantum evoluationary thoery.Furthermore,these methods can be generalized to other avians.It provides a new direction for studying the evolution of other avians.