Comprehensive Assessment Of Snow Disaster Risk In Northeast China

Snow cover is one of the most active and sensitive natural elements in the earth's surface,which can affect the hydrological,biological and geographical processes of the earth's surface,and many aspects of human activities and the natural environment.Excessive snowfall and snow cover can lead to a series of snow and ice disaster,therefore,China is also one of the high incidence areas of snow disaster.In grassland pasturing areas,snow disaster is the main natural disaster in winter and spring.It can lead to the burying of grass,the difficulty of livestock feeding,the death of frostbite and the difficult life of herdsmen,which greatly threatens the development of animal husbandry economy in pastoral areas.For the other regions,sudden and extensive snowstorms will cause serious damage to the water supply,heating,electric power communication,transportation and other industries.Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries were seriously affected,houses collapsed or damaged which have a huge impact on local economic construction and people's life.Therefore,it is very necessary and important to study the snow disaster and evaluate the risk of snowstorm comprehensively.Taking Northeast China as an example,this paper collects and arranges a lot of data,such as meteorological data,topographic features,social economy data and historical snow disaster data,uses GIS technology and methods,a comprehensive assessment model of snow disaster risk is constructed,and the risk of snow storm in this area is comprehensively evaluated and analyzed,and some countermeasures and suggestions for disaster prevention and mitigation are put forward.The main contents are:(1)the construction of index system of comprehensive assessment model for snowstorm risk;(2)the spatial distribution and inter-annual variation trend of meteorological indexes of snow disaster,and the spatial distribution characteristics of potential snow disaster risk;(3)the frequency and intensity of historical snow disaster and the spatial distribution characteristics of historical snow disaster risk;(4)the calculation model and spatial distribution characteristics of the disaster-causing hazard by snow disaster;(5)the basic situation and spatial distribution of hazard-affected bodies' exposure,vulnerability and regional disaster response capacity,calculation model and spatial distribution characteristics of vulnerability of hazard-affected bodies;(6)the snow disaster risk grade classification,comprehensive evaluation results,as well as countermeasures and suggestions for disaster prevention and reduction in of specific areas are given.The main conclusions can be summarized as follows.(1)The areas with high potential risk of snow disaster are located in Da Hinggan Mountain,Xiao Hinggan Mountain and Changbai Mountain,which are with heavy and deep snow.The areas with low potential risk of snow disaster are located in the southeastern part of Inner Mongolia,the Songnen Plain and the Liaodong Peninsula,which are with little snow and is difficult to form snow disaster.Over the past 53 years,the extreme weather has led to higher potential risk of snow storms across the region.(2)Hulun Buir plateau is the area of snow disaster with the highest frequency and intensity in Northeast China,and the next is Changbai Mountains.The snow disasters in these two areas frequently occur,the disaster situation is serious,and the historical snow disaster is highly dangerous.In the Songnen Plain and the Xiao Hinggan Mountain,snow disaster is not easy to occur,and the risk of snow disaster is relatively low.(3)The highest disaster-causing hazard for snow disaster is the Hulun Buir plateau,especially in the grassland and pastoral areas.The higher disaster-causing hazard area is the southeastern part of the Northeast China,including the southern part of Heilongjiang Province,the central and southern part of Jilin Province,and the northeast of Liaoning Province.There are also two areas with the lowest disaster-causing hazard,which are Songnen plain with Baicheng city in Jilin Province as its core and western part of Liaoning Province.(4)By comprehensively analyzing exposure,sensitivity and disaster response capacity of the hazard-affected body,it can be found that,in the Songnen Plain,the vulnerability of hazard-affected body is the highest,including southwest Heilongjiang Province,central Jilin Province,northern Liaoning Province and southern Liaodong Peninsula.These areas are densely populated and economically developed.The exposure,sensitivity and disaster response capacity of the hazard-affected body are all very high.The hazard-affected body in Da Hinggan Mountain,Xiao Hinggan Mountain and Changbai Mountain with sparse population,laggard economy has the lowest vulnerability because of the pretty low exposure,sensitivity and disaster response capacity.(5)Areas with high risk of snow disaster include the Hulun Buir plateau,southern Heilongjiang Province,southeastern Jilin Province and northern Liaoning Province.The risk of snow disaster and vulnerability of hazard-affected body are higher in these areas,which are distributed around the highest risk areas,particularly in the southeastern and western parts of Northeast China and the geographical area is far greater than the highest risk areas.Relatively low risk(lower and very low)areas are distributed in the northern mountains of Northeast China,and the vast areas between eastern part of Da Hinggan Mountain and the western Songnen-Liaohe Plain.Particularly,the risk of snow disaster is the lowest in the area of Da Hinggan Mountain,border land between Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province,and western part of Liaoning Province.(6)The prevention and control of snow disasters in Northeast China includes meteorological forecasting,early warning and emergency management of snow storms,increase the investment in disaster prevention and reduction of snow disaster,strengthen the people's sense of disaster prevention and self-help ability,and establish a comprehensive insurance system for snowstorm.In addition,different areas should also make good planning arrangements for their own actual situation...