To Explore Effect Of Urbanization On Biological Genetic Diversity Based On Principles And Methods Of Landscape Genetics

With the acceleration of urbanization in our country,the disturbance to the natural environment is becoming more and more serious.Urbanization leads to the changes of landscape pattern and the living environment of the species,the habitat of the species is broken or lost.Further more,urbanization may have significant impacts on the genetic diversity of the species.However,we know little about the impact and possible causes.Landscape genetics is a new discipline,which integrates landscape ecology,population genetics and statistics.It has great potential in the conservation and urban development planning.The development of landscape genetics makes it possible to study the influence of the change of living environment on genetic diversity.Based on the development of city and County town of Binhai Development Area as the research object,we selected Shenyang and Liaohe River Delta as the research samples,using the principle and method of landscape genetics,to explore the city of genetic diversity influence on species and the possible mechanism.In order to provide scientific and technological support for the protection and sustainable use of biodiversity in the process of urbanization.In recent years,the acceleration of urbanization process in Shenyang has a significant impact on the urban landscape pattern.Through the remote sensing image contrast in 1992 and 2013,it was found that the increase of construction land area and green land while the farmland area decreased.However,the greenbelt landscape patch density index which constituting the main body increased by 183%,the farmland plaque density index increased by 337%,presenting a landscape types fragmentation trend.The model simulation results showed that the genetic diversity of birds in 2013 was significantly lower than that in 1992.It is speculated that the landscape fragmentation caused by the rapid development of Shenyang had obvious effects on the genetic diversity of birds.The genetic diversity of the birds had been improved significantly through the simulation establishment of ecological corridors and a serious of measures which like the improvement of the habitat area.Suaeda heteroptera whose growing coastal area is well known as "Red Beach" is a representative vegetation in the Liaohe Delta,but it degraded obviously from 1995 to 2014.In this study,it was found that the area of the tidal flat in the area was obviously increased,through the interpretation of the Landsat TM map,and it advanced towards the ocean,the river narrowed,the farmland increased,and the areaof the coastal construction land increased.Through the simulation,we could found that the landscape pattern of the region increased the genetic differentiation and reduced the genetic diversity.A study on sampling the alkaline to the region from2014,through experimental biological genetics,we found that it had a certain genetic differentiation phenomenon existed in coastal areas and the distribution area of suaeda heteroptera,there was a positive correlation between the results of genetic and geographic distance.The obtain Shannon information index(I)was 0.771,and the Nei gene diversity index(H)was about 0.450,indicating that the genetic diversity was in the low level.The experimental results accord with the simulation results of landscape genetics.In recent years,the acceleration of urbanization process of Shenyang has a significant impact on the urban landscape pattern.By comparing the remote sensing images in 1992 and 2013,it was shown that the increase of construction land area and the decrease of green land and farmland area,while the green patch density index of the main landscape and the farmland increased 183% and337%,respectively.It was showed that landscape types were becoming fragmentation trend.The model simulation suggested that the genetic diversity of birds in 2013 was significantly lower than that in 1992.It was speculated that the landscape fragmentation caused by the rapid development of Shenyang had considerable impacts on the genetic diversity of birds.The genetic diversity of the birds has been improved significantly through the establishment of ecological corridors and a series of measures like the improvement of the habitat area.