Research Of Glacier Change Based On RS And GIS In The Tomur Region, Tianshan Mountains

In recent years, the environmental problems caused by climate change have been widely paid attention to throughout the world. Glacier as the most sensitive part and most direct carrier of information is not only an important driver of climate change, but also plays an important role in water resources utilization, sea level rise, glacier disaster prevention. Located in the Western Tianshan economic corridor, Tomur is an important communication life. The distribution and changes of glaciers in the region plays an important role in the economic development of Xinjiang. At the same time, as a minority ethnic enclaves, the region has a great significance in safeguarding national unity, regional security and defense stability. However, located in the northwest inland, the environment goes from bad to worse because of the increased temperatures, intensive glacier ablation, unstable precipitation, increased foreign population, expanded plowland and irrational utilization of water, leading to the contradiction between supply and demand of land, uneven grassland distribution and intensified water resource allocation conflicts, which has a bad effect on local industry and agriculture and existential environment. Glaciers in this area is the main recharge sources of fresh water and river runoff, so the monitor and research of the glacier in this region have an urgent and great significance in regional ecological balance, disaster prevention and climate change simulation.Combining RS with GIS and using the data measured in the field, terrain map data, remote sensing data and meteorological data, this research studies the changes of Tomur Tianshan glaciers. The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The number of glaciers selected by Tomur glacier decreased from 78 in 1964 to 64 in 2000, and then decreased to 61 in 2011. The area of the selected 78 glaciers dropped from 555.45km2 in 1971 to 530.39 km2 in 2000, 521.89 km2 in 2011. The area decline 4.5% from 1971 to 2000 and 1.6% in 2011.The reduction rate of selected 78 glaciers areas increased from 0.12 per year from 1964 to 1971 to 0.13 per year from 2000 to 2011. The decrease rate showed a downward trend.(2) Focus on the typical No.72 glacier, it decreased 1934 m and decreased 41.1m per year. The area decreased 0.53km2,the tone decreased 8.83 m. At the bottom of the glacier has the characteristics of marine, is very sensitive to climate change, the reason may is the part of the glacier tongue distribution at the bottom of the valley, the low elevation, strongly ablation, although glacier surface moraine for glacier retreat from the delay, but to reduce the glacier ablation effect is limited.(3)Compared with other glaciers in the Tianshan area, haxilegen glacier No.51 has the fewest retreat and Urumqi Glacier No. 1 has the fewest decrease in thickness at 0.15 meters per year. However, the No. 72 glacier is the highest in the four regions of the glacier, the average annual recession and the decrease in the area. It shows that glacier area in Tomur changes considerably.(4) According to the fractal theory, by analyzing the relationship between the Tomur glacier perimeter and area and the stability of its spatial structure, it is found that the 1964/71 from 2009 to 2011 Tomur area glacier spatial structure stability tends to decline, which indicates that the glacier may continue to maintain a high ablation rate in the future. Based on the analysis of meteorological data, it is found that the main reason of melting glaciers is that the loss of glacier material caused by the rising temperature is greater than the supply of the precipitation in the same period. The melting glaciers will become faster and faster as the climate warming. By analyzing the temperature and precipitation data of the meteorological stations in this area, the temperature is rising, and the precipitation is fluctuating. Because of the high temperature brought about by the huge loss of glaciers material indicators, while the precipitation factors formed by the accumulation of glaciers completely unable to compensate for the loss of glacier material indicators, the temperature of Mount tomur area increased by 0.2 degrees/10 a, greater than the global average temperature rise of 0.15 degrees /10 a value. Precipitation increases by 5 mm/10 a, the increase of precipitation cannot compensate for the loss of glaciers caused by rising temperatures. In the case of the same amount of summer rainfall, precipitation and air temperature and inter annual changes are the main factors that affect the glacier changes.