Reasearch Of Applying Long Time Series Of Landsat TM Images On National Geographical Conditions Monitoring

Our country is abundant in natural resources with a vast territory, while it also has a large number of population, and the resources per capita is less. In recent years, with the deepening of economic development and the great change of land use structure, the issues of resources and environment have been growing increasingly. Therefore, our country should do a work of comprehensive monitoring of the geographical conditions to grasp the current situation of natural, cultural, social, economic and others, and make policy. However, China's geographical situation monitoring is in its infancy. The monitoring contents, indicators, and methods have not yet unified. And geographic provinces are also in the exploratory stage. Developing monitoring indicators based on geographic conditions and monitoring methods will have a meaningful effect on insurance of various departments' statistical analysis, accurate dynamic monitoring of land surface information, and solving in existing resources, environment, population, economy and sustainable society.According to the purpose and significance of the geographical conditions monitoring, this paper analysis the natural and human geography factor comprehensively and defines the content of geographical conditions monitoring. On these bases, the paper studied in the following aspects:(1) This paper analysis the Landsat data from scale, temporal and spectral features with combining the objective and content of geographical conditions monitoring and depending on the monitor objects, to summarize the monitoring capabilities of Landsat data.(2) According to the study content and objectives, we collect and collate the current standards and norms of the land, resources and environment, etc., combining with the time, space and spectral features of Landsat data, and using the theoretical analysis and frequency analysis methods, sift out suitable monitoring indicators for Landsat data, besides, combining the characteristics and construction principles of the index system, we develop a geographic conditions monitoring indicators system for medium-resolution Landsat data which including three resource indicators and nine environmental categories of indicators.(3) Select the type of a more comprehensive covering surface of Haidian District as a demonstration area in Beijing, we collect the Landsat images and population, economy thematic data, etc. among from 1980 s to 2010, on account of the constructed geographical conditions monitoring indicator system, monitoring the geographic conditions in different periods based on the long time series of Landsat TM images to verify the monitoring indicator system. Combined with the thematic data, using numerical statistics, spatial analysis methods, we summarize spatial and temporal changes in characteristics and rules of the geographical conditions, and also analyse the driving forces which lead to the geographic conditions change in terms of the natural terrain, economy, population, infrastructure, policies and regulations.