The Research Of Transportation Network Construction In Guizhou During The Republic Of China

Guizhou province is located in the southwest of China, where it is an important transportation junction for the parts of southwest of China. Guizhou is an important passage to link Sichuan, Chongqing and Guangdong, Guangxi to the sea. Guizhou also is important land portal from southwest to central China and southern part of China. Guizhou is located in the eastern part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and uplifts in Sichuan basin, Hunan and Guangxi hills. The terrain is high in the west and low in the east, from the middle part incline to the east, west and south. This special geographic feature is called eight mountains, on water and one penny farmland. Guizhou’s external traffic that compares with other provinces in China is backward, whether in waterway or land way. Guizhou karst landform developed,bumpy ground, high mountains and deep valleys,large rivers drop, more dangerous shoal and inconvenient shipping within the border.Throughout history, Guizhou drifted between inland and frontier for the long term. Ancient central governments hardly concentrated on traffic construction, only developed the traffic under the overall strategy when the central government wanted to expand its domain. So the status of Guizhou’s traffic in the nation has experienced a long history of evolution. In the long river of history, Guizhou contacted with outside just when it had been put on a important position in the strategy. At this time, Guizhou traffic would fast development. Conversely, Guizhou transport development would lag behind and stagnant, resulting in Guizhou drifted from the mainstream of central circle.Since the Yuan Dynasty, Guizhou finally had a position in the nation for its political and economic development strategies. The importance to strategic position led the development of traffic construction. After opening the route between zhongqing and Huguang, Dian-Qian line and Xiang-Qian line have become important traffic road to link Yunnan, Guizhou to the area of the middle and lowers reaches of Changjiang River and inland. The layout promoted local social development in Guizhou and created conditions to build province in the Ming Dynasty. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasty, the central governments had pay attention to the transportation construction in Guizhou, which finally formed Guiyang as the center to link Dianqian line, Xiangqian line, Chuangqian and Qiangui line and formed cross traffic framework in Guizhou province to connect the five neighboring provinces.During the Republic of China, basing on the traditional post roads layout, Guizhou began to build roads around the province. After national government unified Guizhou, it turned the four traditional post roads into the trunk highway network that link the neighbor five provinces. After the outbreak of anti-Japanese war, this trunk highway network as the center of Guizhou made up transport systems for five provinces with anti- Japanese war. This measure promoted the prosperity of transportation industry in Guizhou during the anti-Japanese war.This paper studies the history of the war in Southwest background, using the current academic results, records of the Republic of China, newspapers and papers with other people, this paper offers initial chronological account of Evolution of traffic routes and traffic layout from Yuan Dynasty to the Republic of China to demonstrate the importance of Guizhou transportation during the anti-Japanese war, discussing details and characteristics of each stage, to obtain a more complete development context.