Research On Factors Of Employees’ Eearly Retirement In China-The Effects Of Work Units’ Ownership Forms

At the beginning of the 21 st century, China has entered an aging society. Under the dual effects of family planning and life expectancy, aging in our country presents the feature called "old before getting rich", and with the continuous development of national economy, this problem is becoming more and more difficult to deal with. Although Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC proposed a plan about making a policy of delaying retirement gradually, China is suffering a serious social problem called early retirement. As to this problem, many scholars have studied the factors of employees’early retirement, but there is little research studying about work units. In China, the decisions of retirement made by workers in different work units’ownership forms are various. Therefore, this paper based on factors of Chinese workers taking early retirement, focuses on the moderate effects caused by work units to employee’s early retirement. On the one hand, it can complement existing researches, on the other, it can provide a reference for designing an appropriate measure to deal with the problem of early retirement.In this paper, research logic is as follows:Firstly, in order to get theoretical and empirical reference for the study, read a lot of articles about ageing, retirement system and retirement behavior for understanding the perspective and findings of previous research. Secondly, comprehend the related theory of individual retirement decision for providing a theoretical basis for empirical research. Thirdly, based on the related theory of retirement decision, research hypotheses and theoretical models are established. Fourth, using data to test hypotheses and theoretical models. At last, make a conclusion of findings and give some suggestions for policy.The results show that the individual characteristics-such as gender, education, health status-significantly influence the workers’early retirement, which is also affected by working years, position and pension. The different work units’ownership forms have different effects on the early retirement. As a result of risk of reemployment and limitation of the expected outcome, the early retirement intention of workers from government departments is not strong, while the phenomenon of early retirement in enterprises is common. However, both of them have no significant moderation effects. On the contrary, public institutions positively moderate the relationship between pension and behavior of the early retirement, which means that the increasing and decreasing of pension will be more likely to affect the retirement decisions of workers in public institutions. The findings provide an important reference for policy makers to deal with the problem posed by early retirement.