The Cattle Rent In Song Dynasty Under The Environment And Interests Balance

The lease is important in social and economic interactions, both influence each other, promote each other. With the development of the political, economic, and social life, the song dynasty rental business expanded, formed the living, productive and business lending to three categories.Song dynasty although cattle in ancient China, peak and oxen-led technology mature, but is affected by factors such as natural disaster and war, cattle supplies, expensive, make lending to belong to the productive cattle leasing development speed. The progress of modern science and technology, accelerate the process of the development of new agriculture, machine production instead of cattle, cattle gradually withdrew from the historical stage, to become a source of meat and milk today people drink. Cattle from the basic production requirements into the basic life need, its importance is very different, but we can’t deny its historical value. So in cattle will disappear from the field at present, we have a summary of the study of ancient cattle lease.In this paper, from three angles, geographical and human conditions, analyzes the oxen leasing development background, on the basis of this analyses the characteristics of song dynasty and cattle lease rent form. Think the song dynasty rent charge form, influenced by natural and social factors, the official and folk present different status.The first chapter inspects the cattle in the song dynasty regional distribution is discussed. Song dynasty on the whole is given priority to with dry climate, in the agricultural zone, cattle breed a v-shape distribution, cattle geographically occupy north, buffalo occupy southern V belt, Shared by both sides is buffalo and cattle.In the second chapter inspects the song dynasty from the perspective of technology changes in farming methods for cattle lease. Cattle supporting technology innovation and reform of the song dynasty, makes a man a cow cultivation pattern of fixed, which not only greatly liberated the labor force, also reduced the funding of farming.The third chapter inspects the song dynasty people about the importance of cattle and protection. Government by making laws to punish kill cows, and through the rewards andpunishment measures form the social supervision system, and formed a set of top-down oxen protection mechanism. Said with folk with ghosts and gods, achieve social perception, intimidation kill cows.Chapter iv at the regional, knowledge and technology, on the basis of analysis of the song dynasty official and private rental group in the characteristics in the process of cattle for rent. Influenced by the official and the role of civil society, the two sides in the process of cattle lease behavior characteristics is not the same. Officially as the national manager, is conditioned by its political functions and economic functions, cattle rent has the characteristics of the "right" and "benefit" to two or more things. And folk renters who only need to consider the economic benefits, other factors are not too much to consider, so its rental features mainly for paid use and save two free of charge, and through the form of contract guarantee constraint behavior on both sides.Fifth chapter inspects the cattle in the song dynasty rent charge form and its influencing factors. Song dynasty cattle rent charge, the official and folk in different forms. Government as a manager, in the form of pricing, charging rent guarantee their "rights" and "benefit", which rely on peasant household economy on the attachment, achieve the goal of maintaining political rule. Folk large affected by fickle kinds, to maximize economic benefits in a limited scope, so divided into charging rent as their first choice.Conclusion points out that the cattle in the song dynasty rent although has the shadow of the commodity economy, but did not form independent business market, the majority still dependent on traditional land tenancy relationship.