Study On Eiffciency And Model Of Dairy Cattle Breeding

In the dairy industry chain, dairy farming is often called “the first workshop”. Supplyof the safe and high quality raw milk is the foothold of the dairy industry. At present,3dairy cattle farming patterns, including scale farming, plot farming and dispersed farming,stand like the legs of a tripod in China. Facing the current situation and the problems of thedairy cattle farming industry, it is crucial to choose the suitable farming pattern based onthe national realities for the sustained and sound development of dairy industry.The theoretical analysis and empirical research of the dairy farming pattern wereperformed by the methods of historical, comparative andcaseanalysis in this study. Thehistorical changes and the law of China’s dairy farming pattern were comprehensivelyanalyzed. The characteristics and typical practices of the dairy farming patterns in dairydeveloped countries were explored, and the features and problems of the key dairy farmingzones were revealed. The technical efficiency of the different farming patterns was studied,and the suggestions for acheving the sustainable and sound development of China’s dairyindustry were presented. The main conclusions are as follows:1. During the fifteen years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, nationalized scaledairy farming, which being as the leading position of dairy farming, had grown rapidly as the strongdemand of resident for the dairy products. After the reform and opening up of China, thecomprehensive developing policy of diverse dairy modes which were managed by state,collective and individual respectively, promoted transformation from scale farming toprivate dispersed farming, plot farming and scale farming. Since the new century, as the rapiddevelopment of the large dairy processing companies and the strong demands for highquality raw milk, the pattern of dairy farming was largely promoted to transform fromdispersed farming to plot farming and scale farming.2. Gerenally, the herd size of the scale farms was over50in most of the dairydeveloped countries. The USA apply the intensive farming pattern based on the land, capital andintensive technology. The New Zealand apply the grassland grazing pattern based on itsgrassland input, The Netherlands apply family farm model based on the capital andintensive technology. The Japan, mainly apply moderate scale farming pattern based onintensive technology, mechanization and specialization. The India apply dispersed farmingpattern predominantly based on labour-intensive and small scale cooperatives.3. Based on the investigation of the different dairy farming patterns in Henan province,it was found that the design, overall layout and enviroment of scale farming and plotfarming were better than those of the dispersed farming. The scale dairy cattle farmsoperated with scientific management, reasonable feed mixture ratio, and standardized milking operation and water supply, etc. We found that the plot farming and dispersedfarming patterns had many problems such as insufficient supply of high-quality roughage,unreasonable structure, and lack of standardized milking operation and water supply, etc.Therefore, the health and nutritional condition of the herd and the milk quality in the scaledairy farms were better than those in the plot and dispersed farms, and the milk yield perunit level and the price of the raw milk of the scale dairy farming pattern were higher thanthose of the plot and dispersed farming pattern.4. On the basis of continuous monitoring on615dairy families from7designatedprovinces including Hebei province, it was found that the intermediate-scale farmingpattern’s technical efficiency was the highest, the small-scale pattern’s took the secondplace, and the dispersed pattern’s was the lowest by quantitatively analyzing14144observed values during the23months from2011to2012. On average of the2years, theintermediate-scale farming pattern’s technical efficiency was49%, the small-scale pattern’swas38%, and the dispersed pattern’s was approximately20%. Farming patterns had asignificantly positive effect on output efficiency, and the technical efficiency of theintermediate-and small-scale farming patterns was significantly higher than dispersedfarming pattern. Farming patterns showed a positive influence on the stability of the outputefficiency, and the output efficiency of the intermediate-and small-scale farming patternswas more stable compared with the dispersed farming pattern under the same condition.5. There are3proposals for promoting the sustained and sound development forChina’s dairy cattle farming industry. First, pushing the transformation of farming patternfrom the plot and dispersed farming to the scale dairy farming. Second, exploiting thehigh-quality forage resources and promoting the pattern of feeding dairy cattle with foragegrass. Third, exerting the regional advantages and implementing the diversity of the dairycattle species.