The Contrastive Research On The Kyakhta And The Thirteen-hong Of Canton Of The Qing Dynasty

In the foreign trade of qing dynasty, guangzhou occupies an important position,as well as Kyakhta.Kyakhta was the important city for trade to Russia,and the the thirteen-hong of canton always trade to other countries all over the world.The qing dynasty’s foreign trade center is Guangzhou before the opium war,but few of people konws the Kyakhta trade in the north of China.Even the Kyakhta trade lasted nearly two hundred years,the the thirteen-hong of canton trade was much more properous than Kyakhta’s.The the thirteen-hong of canton has been concerned by many people for a long time,and research results has been appread coutinuously.So dose the Kyakhta trade.But most of researchers forcused their attention on only one of them.In this paper,the author want to compare the trade and the trade struction between the Kyakhta and the the thirteen-hong of canton.The comparetion is procesing in three stages.The first stage is from 1730 to 1760.In the first stage, it mainly presents the preliminary development of he Kyakhta trade in the first half of the eighteenth century and the thirteen-hong of canton trade prosperity after the Qing government open order.By comparing two different trade amount and trade goods, analyzing the reason that why guangzhou trade was much more than Kyakhta’s.all this is to show that Kyakhta and guangzhou havedifferent trade object, trade environment and relevant policies.The second stage is from 1760 to 1840.The Kyakhta trade had to be broken three times for fifteen years from 1760 to 1790.It made a great harm to the trade and the trade bagan to develop from 1790.In the same period,the the thirteen-hong of canton get advertage of "Opening trade alone".the thirteen-hong of canton trade flourished in this period.The third stage is from the opium war to the last of 19c.Although the foreiger businessmen has began to get their trade privilege,they failed to converse trade privilege to trade advertage.Both Kyakhta and the thirteen-hong of canton kept properity nearly ten years.trade privilege of foreiger businessmen began to play a role in trade and gave massive impact to Kyakhta and the thirteen-hong of canton.the thirteen-hong of canton disappeared in this period. The opening of coastal treaty ports and Inland treaty port gave convenient to foreigen businessmen.China’s foreign trade center changed.Both Kyakhta and the thirteen-hong of canton declined.