The Study Of The Guangxi Overseas Trade In Early Qing Dynasty

Early Qing Dynasty is the important period of our country’s overseas trade development. Guangxi’s unique geographical location make it occupy a favorable conditions in the overseas trade. Since the Han Dynasty,Guangxi has become one of the starting port of Maritime silk road, and in the Tang and Song dynasties Guangxi’s overseas trade got a further development. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Guangxi’s economics and society has developed, and inland transportation and Sea lanes have becoming mature. Since Ming Dynasty, Guangxi has become tribute trade channels of China and Vietnam. Because of the influence of tribute trade, border trade rapidly developed. The strict policy of forbidding sea voyages and the government monopoly on pearl pool in Guangxi in Ming dynasty, Guangxi overseas trade form the pearl pool centered of commercial and pirates trade form.Qing Dynasty, Border trade has included tribute trade, official permission of folk trade and smuggling trade three forms. Tribute trade was greatly affected by the political factors. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Guangxi war frequently,so only have some sporadic trade. Kangxi five years, China and Vietnam formally established tributary relationships.1771-1789, affected by Vietnam Xishan uprising, the tributary trade between the two countries have been interrupted. After that, they always keep a tributary relations. In order to meet the requirements of social and economic development between the two countries,Guangxi border pass gradually open, at Qianlong nine years fully opened. Then, Guangxi’s border trade has further develop and prosper. With the development of border trade, the smuggling trade was also gradually flourish. Starting from the Yongzheng period, the management of border trade was gradually strengthened, Qianlong forty years, Zhang Deyu et rabble vendettas case in Vietnam made the official permission of folk trade interrupted. Till Qianlong fifty-six years was open again. Border trade continue moving forward.In the aspect of Maritime trade, Guangxi Qinzhou and Lianzhou as the two principal tax (正税口) of Guangdong customs,directly participate in the Maritime trade. And Guangxi have rich products, many products also indirectly through the Guangdong exported to Japan and other southeast Asian and western countries. And because the Maritime trade profit more than the Border trade, so most of the businessmen and coastal people seek to sea trade. But because of the strict order policy, Guangxi’s piracy rampant. Vietnam also does not have legal rights to enter China from the sea proceed trade activities,Vietnam also used every time the chance of repatriating Chinese shipwrecked or taking pirates return opportunities, traded With Guangxi on the sea.The development of overseas trade in Guangxi, made more people to emigrate, made a significant contribution to the development of local economy and culture. And the overseas trade also strongly promote the development of Guangxi agricultural, handicraft industry and commerce, it has also promoted the development of Guangxi Neptune faith.