Research On Agricultural Labor Supply Problem Under The New China’s Farming Methods

During the two conferences in2013, the question of "Who will do the farming in Chinese countryside in the future?" has become a hot topic. But for a long time, the problem of "Who will do the farming" has not caused widespread concern and attention in academia. Because of China’s rural population (by household) still occupying more than60%of the total population, the present situation of a large number of rural surplus labor is widely accepted, and someone even treat "Who will do the farming in China" as a false problem. However, we know that because of China’s specific national conditions, China’s rural population does not necessarily engaged in agriculture, Rural population in China is not necessarily engaged in agriculture, so the rural population does not mean the number of agricultural labor.In the past, Chinese scholars widely concerned about the issues of large number of rural surplus labor, how to transfer the rural surplus labor force out of the rural areas and how to better achieve the urban-rural integration by this transformation. However, this paper is reanalyzed and discussed the relative problem emerged by our national agricultural labor force supply in the view of the status quo of development of farming method and supply and demand of agricultural labor force. Through analyzing, it is considered that the present China’s farming method is under the background of a transition and has transferred from the past "one-household small-scale peasant" mode of operation to the new forms of farming method which is characterized by large-scale, industrialization and specialization. Now the new forms of farming method puts forward new requirements to the agricultural labor force, that is, although the demand for absolute number of agricultural labor force decreasing, the requirements for the quality and structure of agricultural labor force turning higher. Although the number of China’s agricultural labor supply is still surplus, but the structure of the agricultural labor supply is gradually unbalancing and deteriorating. More and more rural youth labor force is no longer willing to choose to engage in agricultural production, but to choose to work in the cities, rural areas are often left with elders and women to do the farm. In addition, the remaining low educational level of agricultural labor supply and the status quo of increasing obvious phenomenon of "part-time behavior" not only affects the use of advanced technology and the quality of agricultural products under the background of new forms of farming method, but also affects the land scale management and farmers’ income increasing. Through reading a plenty of literatures, analyzing a large amount of statistics and sending questionnaires, it is concluded that the new agricultural labor force follow-up supply is insufficient under the background of new farming method transition, and the reason comes form several aspects such as system, economy and culture, public service and the inherent disadvantage of agricultural production and operation. In the end, it is suggested that in order to ensure adequate agricultural labor force who could meet the requirement of agricultural modernization in the future under the background of new farming method, our government should immediately improve agriculture labor system, rural social security system and the policies and measures of land circulation, continually increase financial support for agriculture as well as increase investment in rural public goods and enhance the technical support, agricultural financial services and the training of new type of agricultural labor force in the process of farming.Specific to the structure of this paper, which is divided into six parts:The first part is an introduction, including research background and significance, content arid methods of this innovation and deficiencies and related literature review. The second part is related to the concept and theoretical basis of agricultural labor supply. The third part is the analysis of the status quo of agricultural labor supply and demand under the background of farming method transformation. Firstly describes the background of farming method transformation from the history, characteristics and reasons; then describes the current status of China’s agricultural labor supply and changes in demand for new farming methods to agricultural labor in many ways, and finally concluded that the follow-up new agricultural labor supply is inadequate. The fourth part is to further elaborate the effects the status quo of China’s agricultural labor supply and demand bring to China’s agricultural modernization. The fifth part is to analysis the reason for the shortage of follow-up new agricultural labor from many aspects such as the system, culture, economy, public services, and the characteristics of agriculture itself, etc. The sixth part is a combination of the analysis above, exploring solutions and suggestions for the shortage of China’s follow-up new agricultural labor supply.