The Research On The Land Compensation System And The Insurance Of Lost-land Farmers

After more than 30 years of reform and opening-up, our country’s social economy has got rapid development, and now our country has entered the stage of rapid development of urbanization. The rapid development of urbanization brings the large demand for land. Urban land already cannot satisfy the needs of economic development, so local governments will need rural land. The expropriation of land to rural land into modernization of construction land will produce a large number of land-lost farmers. Land requisition compensation mechanism is imperfect and the single currency resettlement way make farmers living without proper protection after losing land. To protect their rights, farmers often take bolding way to prevent land expropriation. How to properly solve the problem of compensation and resettlement of land-lost farmers security, has become an important task in our country under the "new normal" economy. This article through consulting a large number of literature and research data, on the basis of economic theory and property right theory, the land requisition compensation mechanism has carried on the analysis of the system and law perspective, in order to find out the reason of the imperfect. First, by reviewing the history of the land requisition system, the article points out the trend of the development and reform, then it analyzes the present stage of farmers living conditions after losing their land. Through analysis of supply and demand model we find that the defects of land expropriation compensation mechanism mainly lies in the monopoly of government in the process of land expropriation, the monopoly advantage can make government get land at low price and sell at a higher price. Huge land transfer revenues is the motivation of the government expanding the scope of land requisition; Analysis on game model in the process of land expropriation in the process of land expropriation, the government is in the dominant position in the game, and if you can’t improve the land-lost farmers appeal mechanism, and increase the intensity of illegal land expropriation punishment for the government, the government will not choose to reasonable compensation and interests of farmers. The most important part of land requisition compensation mechanism is compensation standards for land-lost farmers. The current land expropriation compensation standard is low, because it is calculated based on the output ratio method. Output method is not according with the requirement of the free market economic, therefore it is necessary to build the theoretical model of reasonable land requisition compensation standard. The model should include land resources value, the social security value and the distribution of land value increment. Then the paper uses the model to carry on the empirical analysis of Tianjin. We find that pricing based on regional comprehensive pricing method is increased, but its essence remains is based on multiple output method of the calculation results, the land of the social security value and value-added benefits is not into account, and multiple output method does not take into account of industrial and agricultural products "price scissors" effect on the value of land resources value. At last the paper draws lessons from foreign and domestic innovation practice in some parts of the land expropriation compensation, we can conclude that the future of land requisition compensation and resettlement mode should be based on market principles, more selection of resettlement way. According to the previous analysis the cause of perfecting the land requisition compensation mechanism is put forward the reform direction of land-lost farmers guarantee, taking the market as the guidance, to promote the collective land through land circulation market, achieving market "invisible hand" to regulate land acquisition process, take a variety of means to guarantee the farmers in the process of land expropriation, enhance farmers’ game, with diversified resettlement way to protect the life of the farmers.