Marx And Engels’ Urban-rural Composition Thought And Its Practice In Contemporary China

This paper analyzes, summarizes and interprets Marx and Engels’ urban-rural composition thought scattered throughout Marx and Engels’ various works, like a necklace stringing pearls together. Along with this string, it starts to research about the development of Marx and Engels’ urban-rural composition thought in Chinese theory. With Marxism and its localization in China fully understood, four regions from the Pearl River Delta Area 、 the Yangtze River Delta Area and the mainland, is chosen respectively as cases analysis research,summarizing the practical experience of urban-rural integration in Chengdu、Chongqing、Zhuhai and Suzhou, which is of implicational significance.Marx and Engels’ urban-rural composition thought consists of three logical and interrelated basic elements, that is the developmental goals of urban and rural integration, the principle of methodology and the historical trend, which will develop and expand with time progressed as an outcome under specific historical conditions. It could be divided into two periods as before and after reform and opening-up and five stages of development as follows:(1)countryside feeding city under the principle of "balance" between urban and rural areas;(2)speeding up economic system reform and vigorously supporting township enterprises orientated by country and dominated by the city;(3) aiming at the market reform and speeding up the construction of small towns;(4) industry nurturing agriculture and cities supporting the countryside;(5) promoting the transformation of agricultural development methods and reating a mechanism of "industry promotes agriculture, city leads countryside”to increase integration. As a starting point to the policy of reform and opening, this paper studies the development of contemporary China’s urban-rural integration theory.What’s more, this article selects the underdeveloped Chengdu-Chongqing Reform Pilot Area 、the developed Zhuhai Special Economic Zone and Suzhou Urban-Rural Integration Reform Test Site as a comparative study. Chengdu-chongqing reform experimental area is a typical place, where there are big cities with large rural areas. Before the reform, Chengdu and Chongqi’s urbanization rates are very low, 67% and 58% respectively in 2013. ZhuhaiSpecial Economic Zone is an ecological garden city with high quality, with the urbanization rate reached 88% in 2014. Suzhou Urban-Rural Integration Reform Test Site’s urbanization rate has reached 75% in 2015. These two types of areas are totally different. One has a low degree of urban and rural integration while the other has a high level of integration between urban and rural areas. Chengdu-chongqing reform experimental zone is extremely unbalanced between urban and rural areas before reform. But it develops gradually after that with the support of the government, who overcomes various difficulties and does a lot of reform work.There are a lot of experiences worthy of learning, which can be summarized. On the basis of the “Global Chengdu” essential concept and the “Three Concentrations” basic principle,Chengdu has been a combat ranger who disassembles the barriers between urban and rural areas. Who fights with Chengdu side by side in the war, Chongqi also relies on the “Three Main” development path and “One Lap Two Wings” strategic layout, achieves fruitful in the process of promoting urban and rural integration, especially breaks ice in the reform of household registration system. Due to the natural geographical advantage and policy support,the starting point of the urban and rural integration from Zhuhai is very high. Setting up the“Five Rules Fusion”, and speeding up “Three Tall One Special” transformation and upgrading,Zhuhai Special Economic Zone is outstanding in domestic urban and rural integration with a smooth way of optimization in sustainable development. However, located in the Yangtze River Delta Area, Suzhou zone is a shining star among its peers in domestic urban-rural integration promotion. Characterized primarily by “Three Replacements + Three Concentrations + Three Cooperations + Three Pools + Three developments’ Concurrent +Four Rules’ Composition”, Suzhou Model has been quite mature. The author takes these four areas to summarize the experience, compare the differences and reflect on the reform,trying to give a comprehensive, integrated urban and rural integration reform thoughts and solutions to readers for local governments’ references to promote urban and rural integration.