Social Security Of China Landless Peasants

The rapid advancement of urbanization in recent decades has spawned a large number of land-less peasants and the number of it is surging. Since landless peasants lost their land, they will be in a dilemma in the pension, medical, employment without better social security service. So, the construction of social security for the landless peasants is urgent.There are dissensions among scholars in the construction method of social security of landless peasants. Some scholars suggested that we should face an established fact of farmers’ land-losing, and treat the social security as an alternative to land security. This view implies the following questions. Firstly, land security is different to social security and the social security of the landless peasants is not just using a social security right to exchange another social security right. Secondly, land-less peasants lose some other rights in the process of losing land. The compensation of property right can’t make up the losing of social rights.Analyzing from the perspective of equal citizenship to carry on the inspection, landless peasants lose not only land management rights, but also a series of related social rights, such as the village collective decision-making participation right, use right of their homestead. Therefore, the resettlement of landless peasants should compensate for the lost rights, except for giving their entering "access card" into urban social security, the right and ability to achieve to social security should also be protected.Analyzing from the perspective of equal citizenship to carry on the inspection, land security is obtained on the basis of the status of farmers; social security is obtained on the basis of citizenship. So the construction of social security for the landless peasants should follow the idea of the right compensation instead of the replacement of the right. For the landless peasants, the social security service should become their legitimate rights, and should not treat unfairly whether a farm holds the land. Moreover, the social security construction of the landless peasants should not be confined to the social security system itself, but should be extended to the relevant social rights.When putting this into practice, the landless peasants’ right to claim modern social security services should be fully fulfilled, i.e. to compensate those landless peasants for their losses arising from land acquisition in respects of pension security rights, medical security rights and employment security rights, etc., by relying on a modern social security system with high level and wide coverage. The idea of rights compensating requires comprehensive consideration for landless peasants’ reasonable claim as well as investigation on the loss of their rights, which involves the re-scheming of many current social system arrangements, such as breaking the dualistic social security pattern between urban and rural areas, cleaning up various institutional obstacles and to eliminate regional protectionism, etc.