New Path For Ma Shan Poverty Alleviation Under The Perspective Of Cultural Ecology

Cultural transition is an important field of ethnology in anthropologystudy.Throughout the process of cultural transition, it is largely a response to thetransition of external environment and adaptability to transition.New evolutional schoolthought that cultural evolution adapted to the ecological environment and socialenvironment, in the process of cultural adaptation, creation and maintenance are alwaysin interaction, at the same time, the creation of culture and maintenance and cultureholders also has a direct connection between production and living standards.Ma Shan is a Miao district located in the central and southern Guizhouprovince.According to historical records, for thousands of years, Ma Shan Miao lived intraditional farming, forestry, animal husbandry, gathering, hunting, composite livelihoodmainly.After the"Gai-tu-gui-liu policy",Qing dynasty brought in Hemp crops to themountain, because of the need of the stable tax and regime, Ma Shan was also namedtherefore, hemp in people’s economic life in this area has a very important position,linen plant was the source of the local People’s Daily life spinning linen fabric, whichis also the important tax resources of the feudal dynasty in the area.Even since thefounding of new China, linen is still the most important economic crops in the localpeople, in the s, the national people’s food Ma Shan people can rely on a high hemp skinand sacks of export food, until the late80s the country from western developedcountries the introduction of plastic processing technology, set up a large number ofplastic processing plants in sacks exit the market, Ma Shan from rich to poor people.Through the field investigation,after Qing court drew hemp crops to Ma shan, localMiao overcame the difficulties, making the hemp crops growing success and formed acomplete set of local ecological knowledge, during both successful experience, andhave caused Ma Shan social culture non-transition, damage to the environment of thelesson.Is not hard to find, the process of Qing government introduced hemp crops isalso the process of Ma Shan culture creative adaptation.People’s cultivation of linenfrom Ma han success until the late1980s, is Ma Shan during the period of the people tolive and work in peace and contentment, and Ma Shan keep period of culture, it is alsothe this process of cultural achievement Ma Shan prosperity.In the late80s, however,the external environment transition led to Ma Shan culture keep not steady, at a timewhen traditional culture is neither conforms to the development of The Times toupgrade, and does not appear a new items to replace the traditional cultural matters, MaShan poverty is unavoidable, until a new round of culture creation after implementation,to achieve out of poverty.So, how to adapt to the development of The Times, can notonly make Ma Shan steady continuation of culture, and to maintain the stability of theexternal environment, the breach should be Ma Shan out of poverty.To do these two points, stable internal environment, and find the best in and make use of Ma Shan Miaotraditional livelihoods, including reasonable planning and development of traditionalhemp crops industry graft;Stability of the external environment, the country to providepowerful guarantee policy.Both, can yet be regarded as a gauge.Actually, in terms ofsubstance, Ma Shan anti-poverty process is a on using the technology of the traditionalculture of Ma Shan, awaiting Ma Shan culture and the creative process, is also thepoverty alleviation and the transformation of the government and scholars of ourcountry, the process of creating new mode ecological poverty alleviation.