Landless Peasants’ Employment Issues In High-tech Development Zone Of Changchun City

Work and land are the source of wealth. Farmers have long been dependent on the land to survive, but in the process of urbanization, a large number of agricultural lands were conscripted for other purposes, followed by a large and increasing number of groups-landless peasants. Changchun City is a national second-tier city and a young developing experience and less mature city. The acceleration of urbanization process in recent years leads a large number of Changchun neighboring farmers into landless peasants. This group’s life and livelihood after losing ground can not be ignored. Whether the problems are solved well will not only tests the Changchun municipal government’s ability on the improvement of livelihood issues, but also plays a vital role in the following development and construction. Taking the Wanshun Fort of Chaoyang District which is included in Changchun Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone in2003for example, this thesis introduces Wanshun Fort villagers’living conditions and their1dilemmas before and after their lands are occupied, proposes employment is the villagers’livelihood, then tell us how to solve the plight of the local villagers and refers to proposals for the landless peasants’livelihood issues to Changchun City.Because Wanshun Fort villagers’lands are occupied earlier, their problems are more obvious and representative. Firstly, the local villagers are tempted by the surrounding villages as their large sum of compensation; some villagers expect "be occupied.". During the demolition process, number of one-time compensation is much higher than the agricultural income. Wanshun Fort villagers saw Sanjiazi villagers of the same Development Zone buying new cars, living in new houses after they got the compensation oneself, they also looking forwarded this "small fortune". Secondly, Wanshun Fort villagers’life style shows the semi-urban characteristics before and after being occupied. In addition, the Development Zone government did not well in the related safeguards after the demolition, and constructions of the rebuild area are less developed. Villagers kept wondering of the compensation payment but got no reactions.After occupation and demolition, Wanshun Fort villagers have no lands and no work, their employment status is worrying. The villagers got one-time compensation after occupation and demolition. Their main sources of finance when they live in the rebuild area are:landless compensation and relocation compensation, leasing and selling the houses, going out to work, their own business income, others (include private loans, betting and other income). When they work, they always face some unfair treatments such as lower wages, lower level positions, smaller the employment unit area, hysteretic employment information, etc. After research, I found that the reasons for Wanshun Fort landless villagers’ employment difficulties are:Firstly, the villagers’own factors. Villagers’ Psychological qualities are poor, lacking of self-confidence results in their insufficient employment momentum; villagers’literacy levels are lower; they are lack of non-farm employment skills. The second one is the job placement policy is imperfect. First, the construction of development zone and related policies of employment misled the employing units, which resulted in the employment difficulties for the low-end labors; followed by job placement policy’s failure, so the peasants could not be successfully employed then became "marginal". Thirdly, job market excludes the landless peasants. In addition to the above reasons, the residential location and traffic conditions of the rebuild area also limits the villagers’ employment choices. Then the overall absorbing capabilities of Changchun City could be another reason for employment difficulties.To solve the above problem, I believe that, in order to improve or resolve the employment plight of Wanshun Fort landless peasants, farmers should change their own qualities and ideas firstly. Secondly, the Government should play as the escort, formulate preferential policies, broaden employment channels; use service intermediary organizations to broaden the sources of employment information; break the urban-rural dual system, exclude the development shackles and build a sound social security system, make up the related vulnerabilities.