| Wireless Sensor Network is a multi-hop Wireless Network which is composed of a lot of low-energy sensor nodes that are randomly deployed in detected area. As a new technology to acquire information, Wireless Sensor Network can reach the goal of detecting destination area and sending the sensed data. Sensor nodes’ variety kinds and character of tiny, low-cost and easy-deployed make Wireless Sensor Network widely used in inaccessible and resources-limited environment.Routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Network have been a hot research point recently. Design of routing protocols has an important influence on network performance. As a kind of routing protocols, cluster-based routing protocols improved the disadvantages of flat protocols, which have no management node and make no optimization on communication resources. With characteristics of easy-managed and beneficial to distributed applications, cluster-based protocols have also been focused.The paper firstly introduced the concept, architecture, characteristics and key technologies of Wireless Sensor Network, then make a deep analysis and research of key technologies in cluster-based protocols from selection of cluster heads, construction of cluster and transfer of data in and out of cluster. Meanwhile, it also gives a detailed description of the classical cluster-based routing protocols.By analyzing the problems in cluster-based routing protocols, the paper proposed an improved energy-aware cluster-based routing protocol (EACR). The improved protocol takes consideration of energy to balance energy dissipation of nodes when selecting clusters, controls numbers of member in clusters to get a balance structure for cluster, then uses Minimum Spanning Tree to find the best routing that need least energy dissipation and delay. Then the paper simulates the improved protocol on NS2and analyzes the result of simulation. The analysis of result shows that the improved protocol has enhanced usage of energy and extended network lifetime. |
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