Research Of Routing Algorithm Based On Levels For Wireless Sensor Networks

In recent years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) technology has a rapid development, which is convenient and flexible in real-time data acquisition and wireless transmission. Wireless Sensor Networks has comprehensive application in health care, military, environmental monitoring, commercial home network, and many other areas. Wireless sensor node is small and limited battery capacity, monitoring the environment poor and other factors, designing efficient routing protocol for wireless sensing needs to maintain a smaller routing table information. Increasing sensor network scalability and prolonging the life of WSN are primary goal of many studies. Traditional wireless sensor routing protocols are not adapted to the modern wireless sensor networks because of its characteristic. Designing an effective routing communication protocol is one of the most important questions. At present, there are many hierarchical representative routing protocols in WSN, for example, LEACH algorithm and its improved routing protocols.In order to save node’s energy and prolong network life, the dissertation presented a new routing algorithm named LEACH-LMT (LEACH-Level Multi-hop Transmission) based on LEACH algorithm.The main idea of LEACH-LMT algorithm:Firstly, all sensor nodes and Sink were fixed within the monitoring area, set levels for each node; In the cluster head election stage, in order to distribute the cluster more rational, this algorithm should calculate the optimal number of cluster head through the formula derivation. The threshold was related to levels, residual energy a nd n eighbor nodes. Secondly, in the stage of transmission data, the transmission path was a spanning tree which depended on the value of their weights, the weight was related to levels, residual energy, ratio of the energy consumption and other factors when selecting the forwarding nodes. Wireless sensor nodes transmitted the collected data to the sink along with a spanning tree, which avoided circuitous information transmission problems occurred in LEACH-EE algorithm. What’s more, optimized information transmission path and saved energy.Finally, we used MATLAB to simulate the operation of networks using LEACH and LEACH-EE algorithm through the number of survival nodes and energy consumption comparison of the simulation. The result showed that LEACH-LMT algorithm is better in reducing the energy of nodes and improving the energy efficiency of nodes than LEACH and LEACH-EE algorithm.