Problems And Countermeasures Of The School Abolishing And Merging Of Rural Small Schools Under The New Urbanization

Because of a series of problems in rural area caused by unreasonable removal, the ministry of education began to rethink and ctify the rural school abolishing and merging in 2012, which marks China entred into "the retreat junior high age". The eighteenth congress of the communist party of China put forward that China should promote "new urbanization" in November 2012. China promulgated The National New Urbanization Strategy(2014- 2020) in March 16, 2014, which marks the development of urbanization officially entered the new urbanization stage in China. The new urbanization emphasizes resource aggregation and "the urbanization of human", the purpose is to balance education resources, promote the urbanization of rural education. While the new urbanization provide good development platform for rural compulsory education, it also brings unprecedented impact and challenge to rural compulsory education: the rapid urbanization promotes exacerbated rural labor force flowing and it emphasizes the development of the town and county, leading more rural schools being abolished.With the development of urbanization, rural small schools combines with the urbanization development and influence each other. On the one hand, schools in town promotes the rural population into the city, and drive the rapid improvement of urbanization level. On the other hand, pursuit of high-speed urbanization is likely to cause a new round of larger schools in rural areas into the town, cause congestion in cities and hollow in towns and villages. Some places even take the school abolishing and merging as a promote urbanization strategy, and take education as the means to achieve the purpose of promoting urbanization. Where rural small schools actually go and how rural education to adapt to The Times development, is a global and great challenging topic. We both need to grasp the future trend in rural areas in China, to solve problems caused by the school abolishing and merging, and need to prevent urbanization towards "overheating" and "cold" two extremes.This paper takes the new urbanization as the background to investigate X distract of Shandong Province, finding the situation and questions of the small rural school abolishing and merging, and then analyze its reasons, in order to provide targeted and operational recommendations.This paper consists of five parts. In the introduction, the paper mainly includes the questions, the research overview, the research significance, the research methods and the definition of some concepts. The first part is the practical investigation to the rural small schools on X distract, including X distract’s overview and the school layout, questionnaire and interview results and the summarizatin of current situation. The second part is the questions of X distract’s schools abolishing and merging, including the rural areas emergence new "schooling", the countryside students’ education cost increase, the township schools’ quality education falling, imperfect boarding conditions affect students’ physical and mental health. The third part is the analysis of X distract’s rural small school abolishing and merging, including the removal policy neglect education starting point fair, the rural education financial system is not perfect, the teachers configuration can’t meet the needs of the development of rural compulsory education and local governments’ understanding and implementation of policy is improper. The fourth part is to solve the problems of rural small school abolishing and merging, including handle the relationship between small schools with township schools correctly, building policy benefit compensation mechanism, perfecting rural compulsory education financial system, focus on "bottom" to improve the quality of rural teachers.