The Study Of Parental Rearing Styles’ Influence On 9～12 Years Old Children’s Brain Development

Parental rearing styles refers to the fixed mode and behavior tendency parents present in the process of rearing children, it is the synthesis of parents’ education concept, education behavior as well as emotional expression to children, is the summarization of various parental behavioral characteristics, which has a relatively stable style and distinct behavior tendency. Currently, domestic research about the relationship between parents rearing styles and children’s development have aimed at parental rearing styles’ influence on children’s behavior, which mainly concentrated on the following two aspects:First, whether only children’s and not only children’s parents adopt different rearing styles to educate their children, and what influence parental rearing styles had on only children and not only children.Second, whether boys’ and girls’ parents adopt different rearing styles to educate their children, and what influence parental rearing styles had on boys and girls.However, recently these have been less research that combined brain science with education, the relationship between maturity and nurture in brain science have still remained unclear. The study applied brain science to education research to research the relationship between parental rearing styles and children’s brain development. On the one hand, the study could provide research about parental rearing styles with new method, on the other hand, the study could provide recent research about parental rearing styles with science confirmation to base family eduction and practice on brain structure and function.So, the study mainly use 9～12 years old children as research subjects to do two research, firstly, by using the instrument-Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran-My Memories of Upbringing(EMBU) to collect questionnaire data from fourth to sixth grade elementary school students. Then, the study collected children’s R-fMRI data,structure index of it is Gray Matter Density(GMD), function index of it is Regional Homogeneity(ReHo). Finally, the study matched valid questionnaire data and R-fMRI data to analyze relationship between parental rearing styles and only children’s, not only children’s brain development, and to analyze relationship between parental rearing styles and boys’, girls’ brain development.In the first study, we discussed the relationship between parental rearing styles and only children’s brain development, not only children’s brain development.The study found that first, father’s rearing styles was mainly related to gray matter density of part of only children’s Wernicke’s area, default mode network, left frontal lobes and bilateral inferior parietal lobule, which might influence only children’s language, number representation internal directed mental processing and other function.Father’s rearing styles was related to gray matter density of part of not only children’s Wernicke’s area, limbic system, left frontal lobes and fusiform gyrus, which might influence not only children’s language, emotion, face recognition and other function.But there was no significant correlation between father’s rearing styles and ReHo of only children’s brain region, not only children’s brain region.Second, mother’s rearing styles was mainly related to gray matter density of part of only children’s Wernicke’s area, default mode network, right fronto-parietal network and BA 8 area, fusiform gyrus, which might influence only children’s language,decision-making, face recognition, internal directed mental processing and other function. Mother’s rearing styles was related to gray matter density of part of not only children’s Wernicke’s area, left frontal lobes and fusiform gyrus, which might influence not only children’s language, face recognition and other function.Meanwhile, there was a positive correlation between mother’s rearing styles and ReHo of only children’s right cerebellum, which meant that mother’s rearing styles played a important role in only children’s motion development. But there was no significant correlation between mother’s rearing styles and ReHo of not only children’s brain region.In the second study, we discussed the relationship between parental rearing styles and boys’ brain development, girls’ brain development.The study found that first, father’s rearing styles was mainly related to gray matter density of part of boys’ motor cortex, which might influence boys’ motion and other function. Father’s rearing styles was related to gray matter density of part of not only girls’ limbic system, left frontal lobes, which might influence girls’ language, emotion and other function.And there was negative correlation between father’s rearing styles and ReHo of boys’ left BA 8 area, superior frontal gyrus, which meant that father’s rearing styles was related to boys’ decision-making. But there was negative correlation between girls’ punishment and sternness subscale related to father, which meant that father’s punishment and sternness inluenced girls’ language development.Second, mother’s rearing styles was mainly related to gray matter density of part of boys’ premotor cortex, which might influence boys’ motion and other function. Mother’s rearing styles was related to gray matter density of part of girls’ left frontal lobes and executive function neural network, which might influence girls’ language, executive function and other function.Meanwhile, there was negative correlation between mother’s rearing styles and ReHo of boys’ left BA 8 area, superior frontal gyrus, which meant that mother’s rearing styles was related to boys’ decision-making. But there was no significant correlation between mother’s rearing styles and ReHo of girls’ brain region.The study drew two conclusions from synthesizing two studies, first, there was no significantly difference between only children’s parental rearing styles and not only children’s parental rearing styles, but there was differences between father’s parental rearing styles, mother’s rearing styles and only children’s and not only children’s brain development.Second, while there were significantly differences between boys’ punishment and sternness subscale and girls’ punishment and sternness subscale related to mother(p<0.05), and there was no significantly differences between other dimension of parental rearing styles of boys and girls. And there was differences between father’s parental rearing styles, mother’s rearing styles and boys’ and girls’ brain development, it could be because that there were differences between boys’ parental rearing styles and girls’ parental rearing styles.The study applied brain science to reserach the realsyionship between parental rearing styles and children’s brain development, on the one hand, the study could provide research about parental rearing styles with new view, on the other hand, thestudy enriched brain science research of parental rearing styles. However, the sample of this study is small, no other information of the participants in the questionnaire(e.g.,parents’ educational level subjects)was used in the study, and the data used in the study came from the cross-sectional study, so the study can’t found conclusion which is related to age. Future research can aim at studies that whether parental rearing styles from different subjects’ different structure family(such as whether is divorced) have influence on children’s brain, and in the future, if we want to research something about parental rearing styles, we can choose a more suitable questionnaire for investigation.And from the perspective of individual development, by using longitudinal design, we can research that what effect parental rearing styles have on children and adolescent in the process of their growth.