Study On The Asymmetry Between Affirmation And Negation Of The Can-Wish Verbs

There are many asymmetry phenomena in Chinese, so as affirmation and negation of Can-Wish Verbs. Most Can-Wish verbs have more than one meaning, also,Can-Wish verbs have different negation forms with different meanings,which bring asymmetry phenomena.This problem has already attracted scholars’ attention, but there are few study at present.Most study focus on microcosmic research,lacking of macroscopic and system research,and comparative study and theoretical explanation is relatively weak. So, it is necessary for us to clarify the symmetrical or asymmetrical relationship between affirmation forms and negation forms,and to summarize some rules. Firstly, on the basis of collecting a large number of corpus,the paper finds out all meanings of two pairs of synonyms“neng”(能)and “hui”(会)、“yao”(要)and “xiang”(想),and finds out all the affirmation forms and negation forms of them,classifying their grammatical meanings. Then we describe the relationship between affirmation forms and negation forms,including symmetrical and asymmetrical relationship systematically. And sum up four rules about asymmetrical relationship. At last,the paper probes the reasons why affirmation and negation forms are asymmetrical, from following aspects:affirmative and negative axiom of natural language,negation markedness theory, metaphor structure of cognitive psychology, the theory of two phase generation mode of affirmative words. All of the study is to explore the problem from theoretical point of view, and to provide references for the study of Can-Wish verbs and foreign Chinese teaching.In total,the thesis includes five parts.In preface,firstly we explain the research object、purpose and the significance of the research. Then we make an introduction on the present results of this problem. Lastly,we describe the ideas and methods of this paper.In second chapter,we analyze the meanings of Can-Wish verbs ”neng(能)”and ”hui(会)”, and find out all the affirmation forms and negation forms of them,classifyingtheir grammatical meaning. Then we describe the symmetrical and asymmetrical relationship systematically. At last,we compare the pair of Can-Wish verbs which have similar meanings.In third chapter,we analyze the meanings of Can-Wish verbs “yao(要)”and “xiang(想)”, and find out all the affirmation forms and negation forms of them,classifying their grammatical meaning. Then we describe the symmetrical and asymmetrical relationship systematically. At last,we compare the pair of Can-Wish verbs which have similar meanings.In forth chapter,first of all,we sum up four rules about asymmetrical relationship.Then explain the reasons why affirmation and negation forms are asymmetrical from different aspects.In last chapter, we firstly summarize the whole paper,and draw some conclusions.Lastly,we list the methods which are being used in differentiating synonyms.