Asymmetry Between Affirmation And Negation Of The Can-Wish Verb

There are asymmetric phenomena between affirmation and negation of Can-Wish verbs in modern Chinese. It is a big problem to the learners who are learning Chinese as a second language, though the Chinese-speaking are accustomed to it. Although it has attracted some scholars'attention, most of them put special emphasis on microcosm, but little study on macrocosm. This thesis describes these corresponding relations systematically, sums up 5 rules of the asymmetry between affirmation and negation on the base of fixing the meanings of Can-Wish verbs', and studies the reasons of the asymmetry between affirmation and negation. All of these are designed for Teaching Chinese as A Second Language.In total, there are six parts that include: Preface, Chapter One, Chapter Two, Chapter Three, Chapter Four, and Summarize.In the Preface, we first define the study range. Secondly, points out four corresponding relations, that is the two-direction symmetry between the affirmation and the negation, the affirmation corresponding to the negation is symmetrical while the negation corresponding to the affirmation is asymmetrical, the negation corresponding to the affirmation is symmetrical while the affirmation corresponding to the negation is asymmetrical, and two-direction asymmetry between the affirmation and the negation. Thirdly, we make an introduction about the present situation of the study on this problem. Fourthly, we demonstrate the necessity of studying this problem especially in the field of Teaching Chinese as A Second language. lastly, we list about the methods which are being used in this report. It says that we study on the base of enough linguistic materials while using some linguistic theories to resolve this problem. There are six ways mainly: (1)To describe the meanings of Can-Wish verbs one by one and compare the Can-Wish verbs which have the similar meanings by the forefathers'researches in a wider language environment.(2) To describe the corresponding relations between affirmations and negations of Can-Wish verbs.(3) To explain the reason of some negations get a new meaning by the effection of other Can-Wish verbs'meanings by the theory of Metaphor from Structure Metaphor. (4) To explain the reason of some Can-Wish verbs(or one Can-Wish verb with another word which has the similar meaning but different character) use a same negation, by the generally acknowledged truth of affirmation and negation in natural language from the level of affirmation. (5) Using the theory of Prosodic Syntax to explain why the two-syllable Can-Wish verbs'affirmation and negation are asymmetrical, and how the written negations result in the asymmetry of affirmation and negation. (6) To explain why the Can-Wish verbs that can be add'bu(不)','mei(没)'in front are asymmetrical, by the theory of Mark from the character of'bu(不)','mei(没)'.In Chapter One, we analyse the meanings the Can-Wish verbs, and compare the Can-Wish verbs which have the similar meaning. This is the base of describing the asymmetry between affirmation and negation in the next two chapters.In Chapter Two, we mainly describe the relations of affirmation corresponding to negation, and point out most of Can-Wish verbs'affirmation corresponding to negation are asymmetrical. And conclude the relations'chart in the end.In Chapter Three, we mainly describe the relations of negation corresponding to affirmation, and point out most of Can-Wish verbs'negation corresponding to affirmation are asymmetrical. And conclude the relations'chart in the end.In Chapter Four, we first give a table of all the symmetry and asymmetry between the affirmation and the negation of Can-Wish verbs, and sums up five rules of the asymmetry between the affirmation and the negation of Can-Wish verbs. Secondly, we identify the reasons of the asymmetry between the affirmation and the negation of Can-Wish verbs from five sides: the structural metaphor, the semantic degree, the prosodic weight, the type of written, and the signs of negation.In the Summarize, we give the suggestions of how to help the learners resulting this problem in the field of Teaching Chinese as A Second Language. At last, we clarify the value of the thesis is:(1)Having distinguished the near synonyms in Can-Wish verbs. (2) Having found the rules and the reasons of the asymmetry between the affirmation and the negation. (3)Having given some suggestions about it for the field of Teaching Chinese as A Second Language.