Research On Mental Health And Group Psychological Training In Ethnic Minority Students Of Vocational Medical School

Objects:China is a country of various ethnic groups. It is an important task for the government to promote the unity of all ethnic groups. The ethnic minorities are mostly living in the border areas where the economy and cultures are undeveloped, and they always stay on a weak status. The previous researches showed that ethnic minority students had psychological differences with ethnic Han students. The ethnic minority students’ mental health situation was worse. Therefore, to concern on mental health of ethnic minority students and its influence factors and to explore the promoting measures is of great practical and theoretical significance for promoting the comprehensive development of all ethnic groups, ensuring the stability and unity of the nation and the harmonious advancement of society.Present studies on mental health of ethnic minorities mainly take the college students as subjects. There are seldom researches taking ethnic minority students of vocational medical school as subjects. Ethnic minority students of vocational medical school in border areas are a special group, who will become the stem of the medical and health enterprise in border areas with minorities. Their mental health is of great importance for the medical and health enterprise in border areas. The objects of the study is to investigate the personality traits, emotional characteristics, and mental health of ethnic minority students of vocational medical school and the influence factors; to analyze the mental health needs of them; to build the group psychological training project planning and to conduct an empirical study. All of the above may help the students adapt the environment, control the emotions, improve the interpersonal relationships and raise the performance on the courses. It may also provide an inference for researches on mental health of ethnic minorities.Subjects and Methods:Firstly, a sampling of 3,438 students in a health school of Yunnan Province were selected as subjects, among which ethnic minorities are 1845, including 19 students of Yi, Hani, Lahu, Dai, Wa ethnic groups and so on. Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) were taken as evaluation tools to probe into the students’ personality, mental health, emotional characteristics and their inter-relationships, providing scientific basis for building grouping psychological training projects planning for ethnic minority students of vocational medical school. Secondly, 434 students from nursing, rural medicine, pharmacy and medical technology specialties were selected as subjects. Self-made Mental Health Needs Survey was applied as the tool to explore the mental health needs of ethnic minority students of vocational medical school. Finally, 107 ethnic minority students of rural medicine specialty were selected as subjects for empirical study to participate in a group psychological training. The training effect was evaluated through tests, interview and performance ratings, etc.Results:1. The general situation of mental health, personality traits and emotional characteristics of ethnic minority students of vocational medical school(1) The detection rate of ethnic minority students with psychological problems was 56.4%. The problems were in the following factors: Obsessive-Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Phobia Anxiety, Hostility, Depression, Anxiety, Paranoid Ideation, Psychoticism and Somatization.(2) The scores of ethnic minority students on factors of Psychoticism, IntrovisionExtrovision and Lie of EPQ were significantly higher than ethnic Han(P<0.05). The scores of SAI, TAI, SAS, SDS have no ethnic difference(P>0.05).(3) The scores of ethnic minority students on most factors of SCL-90 were significantly higher than the national youth norm(P<0.05). The scores of SDS and SAS were significantly higher than the national norm(P<0.05). Women’s scores of Psychoticism and Lie of EPQ were significantly lower than the national women norm(P<0.05). Women’s scores of Introvision-Extrovision and Neuroticism were significantly higher than the national women norm(P<0.05). Except for the ethnic Lahu, men’s scores have significant difference with the national men norm(P<0.05).2. Mental health, personality traits and emotional development characteristics of ethnic minority students of vocational medical school(1) Ethnic characteristics: Mental Health of ethnic Wa was the worst, and the detection rate of psychological problems was 66.7%. The scores of Introvision-Extrovision factor of EPQ has markedly difference(P<0.05), among which the scores of Wa were the highest. The scores of SAS and SDS have no significant difference(P>0.05).(2) Age characteristics: Students of 14-18 years old group scored significantly higher than 19-24 years old group in SCL-90 factors of Interpersonal Sensitivity, Hostility, Phobia Anxiety, Paranoid Ideation, Psychoticism and in TAI(P<0.05), while scored lower in factor of Lie of EPQ than 19-24 years old group(P<0.05).(3) Gender characteristics: Men’s total average scores in SCL-90 factors of ObsessiveCompulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety, Hostility, Phobia Anxiety, Neuroticism and in SAI, TAI, SAS and SDS were significantly lower than women’s(P<0.05). Men’s total average scores in EPQ factors of Psychoticism and Introvision-Extrovision were significantly higher than women’s(P<0.01).(4) Children structure characteristics: Only-child scored significantly higher than non-only-child on Psychoticism and Introvision-Extrovision of EPQ(P<0.01), scored significantly lower on Lie, SAI, and SAS(P<0.05). There were no significant difference on each factors of SCL-90(P>0.05).(5) The characteristics of the source of students: Urban students scored significantly lower than rural students on Interpersonal Sensitivity, Phobia Anxiety of SCL-90, and Lie of EPQ and in SAI, TAI, SAS and SDS(P<0.05), and scored significantly lower on Psychoticism and Introvision-Extrovision of EPQ(P<0.05).(6) Specialty characteristics: Except for Anxiety and Phobia Anxiety, the factors scores of SCL-90 present significant specialty difference(P<0.01). The medical technology specialty students scored significantly higher on Psychoticism and on TAI than nursing, rural medicine and pharmacy of EPQ(P<0.01).(7) Grade characteristics: Factors scores including Obsessive-Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Phobia Anxiety of SCL-90, Psychoticism, Neuroticism and Lie of EPQ present significant grade differences(P<0.05). There was no significant grade difference on SAI, TAI, SAS and SDS(P>0.05).3. Relationship among personality, emotion and mental health of ethnic minority student of vocational medical schoolEPQ’s all dimensions, SAS, SDS, SAI and TAI have predictive use for mental health. Students’ SAS, SDS, TAI, Neuroticism, Psychoticism, Introvision-Extrovision of EPQ and have direct effect for mental health.4. The situation of mental health needs of ethnic minority students of vocational medical school84.33% of the ethnic minority students of vocational medical school have 3 pieces of and above psychological problems. The most seeing ones were course stress, job hunting, emotion, interpersonal relationship, etc. The large amount and difficulties on courses, the poor abilities of self-adjusting and the non-obvious self-cognition were the most important factors of their psychological problems. The psychological service needs rate was 74.2%. Their favorite ways of mental health service were communication with professional psychologists, listening to psychological lectures and reading books and papers and watching TV and group psychological training about psychology. They mostly needed the following group psychological training: emotion regulation, interpersonal communication, stress management, frustration toleration training, psychological endurance and learning management, etc.5. Emperical study on group psychological training for ethnic minority students of vocational medical school(1) After training, the training group scored significant lower on Somatization and Paranoid Ideation(P<0.05), while the control group have no significant changes on each factors of SCL-90(P>0.05).(2) After training, the training group scored significant higher on self-efficiency(P<0.05), while the control group have no significant changes(P>0.05).(3) After training, the training group scored significant lower on SDS(P<0.01), while the control group have no significant changes on SAS and SDS(P>0.05).(4) After training, the trainingt group and control group scored significant higher on learning performance(P<0.01), while the difference value of treatment group present significant difference(P<0.05).(5) After training, the training group scored significant higher on environment adaptation, learning adaptation, emotion regulation, interpersonal communication and team cooperation, etc(P<0.01).Conclusion:1. The mental health situation of ethnic minority students of vocational medical school was poor. Compared with the general population, their personality was more outgoing, emotion was unstable, and the anxiety and depression were serious. Psychological interventions need to be enhanced among ethnic minority students of vocational medical school, especially for ethnic Wa, younger aged population, women, non-only-child, rural students and medical technology specialty students.2. When practice group psychological training among the ethnic minority students, the differences of personality, emotion, psychological development and the psychological services needed to be considered.3. Group psychological training could efficiently promote the ethnic minority students’ mental health, enhance their self-efficiency, relieve their anxiety and depression and improve their adaptation abilities.