The Impact Of Tourism On Social And Cultural Changes In The Ethnic Areas Based On Multilevel Gray Evaluation Method

Tourism, as a social and cultural phenomenon, has become a part of people’s lives.Tourism is also a "double-edged sword". There are positive impacts and a variety of negative effects on its development.The tourism impact studies began in the 1960 s, has become important issue of concern in economics, sociology, anthropology and tourism science and other disciplines. Under experience economic trend, the tourists have increasingly high demands on the cultural experience, so that a variety of negative effects of tourism extremely exposed, social and cultural impact of tourism gradually become the focus of attention.Cultural differences are the core motivation for the development of tourism, and the cultural resources with the national characteristics is attraction to the development of tourism in minority areas.Lots of ethnic minority areas is usually remote areas where is relatively backward in the economy, and relative isolation from modern urbanization. The development of tourism has become media to promote economic development, and cultural transmission in ethnic minority areas; however, the double impact of tourism development causes the inevitable negative impact such as cultural commoditization, cultural distortion and cultural arena etc. That has largely influenced the sustainable development of tourism and the protection of social and cultural for ethnic minority areas.It has great significance, the relationship between national regional tourism development and social and cultural protection with the dialectical viewpoint, objective understanding the phenomenon of social and cultural changes, for minority areas to promote the health and sustainable development of tourism.Gan’nan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, as a typical ethnic areas in Gansu Province,have abundant tourism resources and favored by domestic and foreign tourists. In recent years, the contribution of tourism is growing to the economic income, and becoming a pillar industry of Gannan; of course, the impact of tourism can’t be ignored on the social and cultural changes of Gan’nan. In this paper, the author chose Gan’nan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as the studied area, the impact of tourism on social and cultural changes as the research object, and researched lots of literature about the social and cultural impact of tourism and social and cultural changes by scholars, as well as analyzed literature about the social and cultural changes in minority areas;then based on cultural anthropology andsociology theory as the theoretical support, and used multilevel gray evaluation method to build the evaluation system and model, and evaluated the results. Finally found the problem,and proposed appropriate countermeasures and suggestions to provide a new perspective for the study of social and cultural changes, in order to reduce the negative impact of tourism development.