Study On The Han Dynasty Dynasty

The utilization of Tuntian System in Han Dynasty is closely related to the historical background. At the early time of Han Dynasty, the Han Court is weak and inherits the abuse of Qin Dynasty on economy, the emperors can not be equipped with four horses which are the same, the generals and the ministers can not ride bullock-carts, the common people do not have store”. The Han Dynasty is tyrannized by the Huns on the military, “since the Han Dynasty establishes, the Huns invaded the inland many times, they can get the abundant benefits in a large scale and get a little in a small scale; at the time of of the Empress Dowager Gao, the Huns invaded Longxi County again and slaughter the people in the county,also expelled the cattle; then invaded once again,killed the ephors and attacked the county”. Therefore, at the early seventy years of Han Dynasty, the Han Court adopt two proposals, on one hand, the Han Court send the princesses to marry with the chief of the Huns in order to get peace; on the other hand, the Han Court develop and accumulate the strength to defend the land and people against the enemy. When the Emperor Han Wu controls the authority, he makes the Han Dynasty move towards a period of a great prosperity. And the project against the Huns is proposed. After three battles between the Han Court and the Huns, although the latter is suffered heavy losses, it makes the Han Court also inflict heavy losses. The finance of Han Court can not afford the the supplies of provisions for the troops and the conflicts constantly take places. Then the Han Court continually keeps the border armaments and also keeps the troops stay in the frontiers in a large scale. So, finding out an effective method to solve the necessities for the troops in the frontiers--the problem of the supplies of provisions is becoming obligatory. Considering on the all conditions in the frontiers and troops, the Han Court implement the Tuntian System.On the question of the origin of Tuntian System, many scholars hold the point that the origin of Tuntian System dates back to commanding the people to go to the frontiers, but they neglect the policy that the Han Court orders the people to pay for the millet to the governments in the frontiers. However, the policy is a method of enriching the warehouse and of settling the troops provisions in the border counties. The merchants and landowners adopt the ways of producing provisions in the frontiers in order to alleviate the price of paying the fees of the rank of nobility. When the Emperor Han Wu develops the southwestern areas, because of the taxes can not afford the cost of the armies,he is wanting of implementing the policy that the central government orders the people to pay for the millet to the governments in the frontiers to solve this problem and recruiting the rich people to organize the local people to produce food on their lands. Only in this way can protrude the merits of the policy can supply the army provisions immediately. From the analysis of historical records, I am in favor of the opinion that the origin of the Tuntian System is related to this policy.Tuntian System is an agriculture-producing activity operated by the central government to solve the needs of provisions for the troops and battle steed. Therefore, the success of implementing Tuntian System requires two conditions. The Tuantian System requires the natural environment as the agriculture-producing activity and requires the social environment as the national policy.Between the two conditions, the safety of the Tuntian System is more important since it is the prerequisite wehether the Tuntian System implements successfully or not, and it is the requirement of choosing the locations of Tuntian and the performing of the activities of Tuntian.The nature of Tuntian System in Han Dynasty that is the primary attristille and the essence of itself and is the basic attristille which differs from other activities. The Tuntian System is full of military and is closely related to the military activities; at the same time, the Tuntian System is an military-producing activity. Hence, the production of the Tuntian System is with the coerciveness. The workers of this system are forced to participate in the activity of Tuntian, so, the nature of the Tuntian System is with the coerciveness. The nature of the Tuntian System in Han dynasty is an military-auxiliary activity of agriculture and military and it is with the coerciveness of the central government.The changes of the development of the Tuntian System in Han Dynasty mainly includes three aspects. The first change of development is the districts of Tuntian that are from the frontiers to the inner lands with the time passing from the Western Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty. The second change of development is the functions of Tuntian that are used to auxiliary-prevention turn into auxiliary-attack. The third change of development is the targets of Tuntian become roadhouses from the supplies of military and they are used to solve the provisions of the ambassadors of the Han Court to the the Western Regions. The changes of the development of Tuntian System in Han Dynasty have deep influence for the functions of the Tuntian. The Tuntian System can fundamentally afford the troops provisions and powerfully guarantee the rear supply of the Han troops from the three aspects. Just basing on the conditions, the Weatern Han Dynasty do not change the policy of feudal land tax on thirtieth. The Eastern Han Dynasty execute the policy of feudal land tax on thirtieth again. Considering on the conditions above, this can prove the Tuntian System can reduce the burden of the people in some way. The Tuntian System is beneficial to the military garrison and attack and is with the military work on the functions. The soldiers of the Tuntian System are the important parts of the Han national military force. They are also the reserve force for the war and can effectively reinforce the frontiers force of the Han Court. The Tuntian System can effectively guarantee the provisions for the ambassadors of the Han Court to the the Western Regions and is with the important function for reinforcing the connections between the Han Court and the Western Regions.