Study On The Western Regions Agricultural Archaeology In Han Dynasty

"Western region" is an important part of Chinese and western communication pathways, the region due to reasons such as natural environment and traditional culture, in the whole period of history has been based on animal husbandry as the main economic mode of production area, it is beyond doubt, but at the same time local kept have been left over from the primitive times hunting, gathering of the small-scale agriculture and exist. With deepening of later "silk road" of the western han dynasty, from both east and west direction, the influence of the region’s agriculture-mainly refers to the planting industry obtained the considerable development. But the so-called "western region" is a fairly broad geographical and complicated geographical unit, based on the natural environment and cultural traditions in the region and other reasons can be divided into different small units, each small unit level of agricultural development and agricultural traditions exist certain differences. Over the past few decades the development of archaeology in Xinjiang region, the region is found related to agricultural production remains, provides conditions for the study of agricultural production conditions at that time. Whereas in the past about the western region agricultural research, most of the bias towards the entire historical period of the study, or to a particular aspect of a field of study, in a certain historical period of less attention on the transverse comparison, ignored the imbalance of the agricultural development, small area. Thus based on "silk road" for the node, the opening of the han period research at that time, the whole agricultural development of the western region, the imbalance of the development of the small area to make a contrast. Based on the material mainly composed of archaeological finds.The development of agriculture in Western region is largely affected by the restriction of natural conditions, the deep area of the Eurasian hinterland, dry climate. Tianshan and tarim basin, the altun, kunlun mountains and pamir will parcel, rainfall concentrated in the mountainous area, the basin center of desertification, most of people from various states are scattered around the perimeter of the tarim basin, northeastern north rim of turpan-hami basin and tianshan have distribution, mountain snow melt water and mountains of precipitation formation of the river is the basis for the development of these countries, in other words, these countries are in the rivers formed by thrive on oasis, so this of agriculture is lower than reliance on climate in the central plains, rely on the river irrigation agriculture development is the common mode of regional agriculture development. But for right now, differences between different river area of agricultural development, crop cultivation situation and the development of agricultural technology level is different. Based on geopolitical relations, the agricultural environment and some historical background, in this paper, the western region is divided into seven small areas:the southern margin of the tarim basin, west, north rim, east edge, turpan-hami basin, east tianshan, and black sun, to found through crop planting structure difference remains to study all over the world, and found around by agricultural production tools remains and water conservancy irrigation systems remains to study agricultural technology level is different.Within the scope of "western region" found belong to the han period before and after the crops including food crops and cash crops in two categories. Food crops including all the upland crops was common millet, millet, wheat, barley and sorghum, barley, which has two kinds of leather barley and highland barley. But different area by planting crop varieties have certain difference, northern tarim basin area has also been found in rice. Economic crops include fiber crops and fruits and vegetables, feed crops, etc. Unearthed in the area of the cotton fabric, also found that the relics such as cotton, cottonseed, but only out of cottonseed were identified for the song dynasty relics, reduces the han period the possibility of these places have started planting lidan; Excavated area of linen fabric and cotton fabric, the distribution of wild xinjiang one with hemp, out of linen fabric should be from the local, but also the kinds of hemp needs further research to confirm. Silk found extensively in this period, and according to the characteristics such as grain and most of the input from the central plains region, only a small fraction of these areas may have begun planting mulberry sericulture, and textiles. Fruits and vegetables is not easy to preserve, the only people venture he ruins and yuli yingpan cemetery found more, also can be roughly around a glimpse of the plant.Found that the production of agricultural production tools including LeiSi, plough share, hoe Jue sort of farming reclamation tools, kind of harvesting tools and Shi Mopan, pestle mortar, such as stone mill grain processing tools. The northern, eastern some areas have begun to use the plough, but is still in the southern region is used more primitive LeiSi kind of tools and common in northern Jue kind of digging tools. Harvesting tools generally use the sickle, Shi Lian and TieLian have found that irregular distribution. In the grain processing tools Shi Mopan earlier found in western region and widely distributed, pestle mortar found more rich also, and often with Shi Mopan out. Around the stone mill only in parts of that imbalance of the development of food processing technology. North, east, south of tarim basin are found to have the remains of water conservancy irrigation channels han period, visible when some areas have developed the progress of water and irrigation technology.