| Military warfare must be based on the consumption of a large amount of material resources.Thus,the effectiveness of the military logistics of the warring regime directly affects the outcome of the war,specific to the collection,storage and transfer of military provisions,the manufacture and supply of military equipment,the acquisition of military horses,and the transport and supply efficiency of military logistics materials.In the later period of the Northern Dynasty,the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou fought for annexation of each other constantly,and the logistics of the army became a major issue that the ruling classes of both sides had to plan.The main sources of army grain in the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou dynasties were renting,stocking and buying grain from the enemy.The Northern Qi separately charged half of the land rent to the maidservants and about ten percent of the land rent to each head of the cattle,and the rest went to their owners.The richer the rich,the more income from the state wealth depended on the ordinary people.Compared with the Northern Qi,the Northern Zhou Dynasty had a wider geographical area,which was convenient for the supply of military supplies at the front.Rising to the institutional level,the Northern Qi agricultural policy is mainly managed by the Department of State Affairs’s(尚书省)Ministry of Tuntian(屯田曹)and Sinong Temple’s(司农寺)Bureau of Agricultural(典农署),food storage is responsible for the Department of State Affairs’s Ministry of warehouse(仓部曹)and Sinong Temple’s Bureau of Taicang(太仓署),the Northern Zhou agricultural policy is mainly managed by the "Diannongshangshi(典农上士)" of "Diguanfu(地官府)",food storage is responsible for"Sicang(司仓)"of "Diguanfu".Regarding the manufacture,storage and supply of military equipment,the Northern Zhou Dynasty set up the relevant institutions more systematically than the Northern Qi Dynasty.Northern Qi’s military equipment manufacturing was mainly managed by the Department of State Affairs’s Ministry of Qi(起部曹),and Taifu Temple’s(太府寺)Bureau of "Zhuyedongxidao(诸冶东、西道)",and also set up "repair bureau(修故局)" under Weiwei Temple(卫尉寺)responsible for repairing old armor and other things.The Department of State Affairs’s(尚书省)Ministry of Ku(库部曹)and Weiwei Temple’s "Wuku(武库)"are responsible for the storage and supply of military equipment.The manufacture of military equipment in the Northern Zhou Dynasty was mainly supervised by the"Dongguanfu(冬官府)"and the "Junqijian(军器监)".Under the "Dongguanfu","Gonggongzhongshi(弓工中士)"、"Lugongzhongshi(庐工中士)"、"Jiangongzhongshi(箭工中士)"were in charge of the manufacturing of military equipment.The rulers of the Northern Zhou Dynasty also set up a wide range of local administrative supervision to supervise the manufacture of military equipment.The storage and supply of military equipment is by the "Wucangzhongdaifu(武藏中大夫)"under the "Xiaguanfu(夏官府)".Under the "Wucangzhongdaifu","Sigongshizhongshi(司弓矢中士)”、"Sijiazhongshi(司甲中士)"、"Sidaodunzhongshi(司刀盾中士)"each leading a military equipment storage and supply.In addition,after the "Houjingzhiluan(侯景之乱)”,the Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties expanded the Bashu area(巴蜀地区),adding a large number of mining areas and acquiring a batch of southern military equipment.Military horses in the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou dynasties mainly came from official pastures,private horses recruited,donated by ethnic minorities and plundered in wars.At the end of the Northern Dynasty,the Liangzhou area(凉州地区)was still an important horse-producing place.Yuwentai pacified Guanlong and divided Gao Huan into the north.During the confrontation between the two sides,the profits from this horse production became the possession of the Northern Zhou.As far as horses were concerned,Northern Zhou benefited more from the foreign races than Northern Qi.The Northern Zhou Dynasty received horses from ethnic minorities,not only in "Tujue(突厥)","Jingchuman(荆楚蛮)"、"Qiang(羌)"、"regime of Cuan(云南爨氏政权)"、"Tuyuhun(吐谷浑)"all offered horses to the Northern Zhou Dynasty.In terms of horse management,the horse administration in Northern Qi was in charge of the Department of State Affairs’s(尚书省)Ministry of Jia(驾部曹)and Taipu Temple’s(太仆寺)Bureau of "Zuoyoulong(左右龙署)".While the horse administration in Northern Zhou was in charge of the "Jiabuzhongdaifu(驾部中大夫)"under the "Xiaguanfu" and there were "Zuoyouj iushangshi(左右厩上士)"and "Zuoyoujiuzhongshi(左右厩中士)",each had 130"Zuoyoujiuyufu(左右厩驭夫)"were directly responsible for the raising of military horses.In the later period of the Northern Dynasty,Hedong and Henan were the military frontier between the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties.Northern Qi transported materials to the front line from"Jinggi"(京畿)to Henan,Jinggi to Bizhou,and several lines from Bizhou to Hedong and Hedong,and Bashu to Guanzhong,and then several lines from Guanzhong to the front line.In the mode of transport,it is mainly divided into human transport,ship water transport,vehicle and animal transport,sergeant transport several major ways.In contrast,Guanzhong,the hinterland of the Northern Zhou Dynasty,was closer to the front line of the war between the two sides,and the transportation trunk lines of the Northern Qi Dynasty passed through the Taihang Mountains,the Yellow River and other natural dangers,making transportation more difficult and more costly.Yuwentai and Yuwenyong also paid more attention to the repair and construction of roads,post stations and grain storage palaces.The Northern Qi also carried out the "system of Sanxiao(三枭之制)"in transport service,which was originally intended to reduce the burden of transport service for the people,but it backfired due to the corruption of local bureaucrats,resulting in boiling public resentment.From the perspective of military logistics,in the long-term military confrontation between Northern Qi and Northern Zhou,the military logistics work of Northern Zhou was more desirable than that of Northern Qi,which was part of the reason why it won more and lost less in the military contest with Northern Qi and gradually gained the upper hand and eventually destroyed Northern Qi. |
