| Objective: To explore suicide survivors’ coping strategies and the similarity and difference of coping strategies used by the suicide survivors, accident and disease survivors’ through case-control study and to explore the influencing factors of bereaved people’s coping strateg ies. Providing new orientation for bereaved people to recover normal life and keep physical and psychological health and providing a theoretically scientific evidence for furt her research of China’s rural suicide prevention and intervention strategies.Method: Randomly selecting eight villages from town of Dalian, Liaoning province as sample site. Collecting all the suicide, accident and disease individuals who died in 5 years between 1st October 2006 and 1st October 2011, and choosing 1-3 relatives of the deceased as research participants. The participants were defined as parents, spouses, children and siblings. Using Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ), Chinese version of Beck scale for suicide ideation(SSI-CV), Chinese version of Perceived social support scale(PSSS), Chinese version of Five-Factor Personality Inventory(NEO-FFI) and self-compiled Social Demography Questionnaire as research tools for all the 465 bereaved, including 254 suicide survivors,100 accident survivors and 111 disease survivors, to do face-to-face semi-structural interview and questionnaire.Result:(1) The highest score of all coping strategy’s factors was problem solving, and there was no significant difference among three groups. But it existed significant difference among three groups in self blaming(F=3.391, p=0.035), avoidance(F=3.279,p=0.039) and rationalization(F=4.785,p=0.009) of coping strategies, and suicide survivors’ score of the three factors was marked higher than accident survivors or disease survivors(2)It existed significant difference in problem solving(t=5.420,p=0.000), self blaming(t=-2.657,p=0.008), fantasizing(t=-2.306,p=0.022), avoidance(t=3.418,p=0.001) and rationalization(t=-3.694,p=0.000) of three groups’ gender. And male survivors’ score of problem solving, help seeking and avoidance were higher than female’s, while the score of self blame, fantasizing and rationalization were lower than female’s.(3)For suicide survivors, there were marked difference in different age period’s problem solving(F=3.605,p=0.007), help seeking(F=2.523,p=0.042) and rationalization(F=3.752, p=0.006) coping strategies. And the score of problem solving was declining with their age increased, but the score of it was the highest and followed by avoidance.(4) For suicide survivors, the four types of relatives existed significant difference in problem solving(F=3.651,p=0.013), self blaming(F=2.864,p=0.037) and rationalization(F=3.755,p=012). For accident survivors, only existed notable difference in self-blaming(F=4.602, p=0.005). For disease survivors, the four types of relatives existed significant difference in problem solving(F=4.602,p=0.005), self blaming(F=3.239,p=0.025) and help seeking(F=3.609,p=016), avoidance(F=4.169,p=0.0008) and rationalization(F=2.880,p=0.039). In problem solving and help seeking factors, the children survivors of suicide and accident’s score was the highest, so is it the siblings survivors of disease. In self blaming and fantasizing factors, the spouse survivors of three groups all got the highest score.(5)The each factor of coping strategy in the length of bereavement time existed no difference in suicide and accident survivors, but only existed marked difference in help seeking(F=4.938,p=0.001) in disease survivors.(6) There are 294 mental disease participants in 465 survivors, accounting for 63.2%. Those who didn’t have mental disease’s score of self-blaming(t=-6.862, p=0.000),fantasizing(t=-3.570,p=0.000),avoidance(t=-3.150,p=0.002)and rationalization(t=-4.377,p=0.000) were notable lower than those who had mental disease’s.(7)There are 128 participants in 256 survivors, accounting for 27.5%. those who didn’t have suicide ideation’s score of problem solving(t=3.871,p=0.000) was notable higher than those who had suicide ideation’s, the score of self blaming(t=-10.658,p=0.000), fantasizing(t=-6.652,p=0.000), avoidance(t=-2.687,p= 0.007) and rationalization(t=-7.249,p=0.000) were notable lower than those who had suicide ideation’s.(8)The stepwise regression’s result showed that extraversion, openness, conscientiousness factors of Big Five Personality, the total score and friends support score of PSSS, and gender finally entered into mature coping strategy regression equation model, the adjusted R2=0.469. And in immature coping strategy regression equation model, the adjusted R2=0.287, neuroticism, suicide ideation and mental disease, the type of the bereaved entered into the equation.Conclusion:(1) The common characteristic of coping strategy used by the bereaved is “problem solving”, and suicide survivors use more self blaming, avoidance and rationalization coping strategies.(2)The men survivors tend to adopt problem solving, help seeking and avoidance coping strategies, while women survivors tend to use self blaming, fantasizing and rationalization coping strategies.(3) Suicide survivors’ problem solving coping strategy using is declining with they grew older.(4)The children survivors of suicide and accident use more mature coping strategies, and so is it siblings survivors of disease. The spouse survivors adopt more immature coping strategies.(5)The bereavement time has no marked impact on coping strategies used by survivors.(6)The coping strategy used by bereaved people is stable.(7) Extraversion, openness, conscientiousness factors of Personality, male and social support can better predict mature coping strategy.(8) This research about coping strategy implicates that rural bereaved survivors should improve consciousness of actively coping crisis, taking preventive measures, which had the guiding significance for grief work and suicide prevention and intervention. |
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